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Donald James Thompson MBE (20 January 1933 – 4 October 2006) was a British athlete. He was the only British man to win a gold medal at the 1960 Summer Olympics, held in Rome, in the men's 50 km walk. He also won a bronze medal at the 1962 European Championships, also for the 50 km walk.

Thompson was born in Hillingdon, London. A small man, only 5'4" tall, he was originally a runner, but an injury to his Achilles' tendon forced him to take up race walking instead. He came second in the 52½ miles London to Brighton road race in 1954, and then won the event in each of the following eight years. He raced in the 50 km walk in the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia, but withdrew dehydrated after 45 km while in fifth place.

He practised to compete at the Olympics Games in Rome in 1960 by exercising in a steam-filled bathroom at home, with the heating turned up and wearing a heavy tracksuit. After exercising for about half an hour, he would feel faint. At the time, he attributed his light-headedness to the effects of heat and humidity, but later realised that it was carbon monoxide fumes from the paraffin heater. His mother made him a hat like a képi to keep the sun off his head and neck during the race; together with his sunglasses, he was nicknamed "Il Topolino" (Italian: "Mickey Mouse", literally "little mouse"). In the 50 km race, staged at temperatures of up to 87°F, the front two competitors were disqualified, and Thompson beat the John Ljunggren of Sweden by 17 seconds to win the gold medal in 4 hours 25 minutes 30 seconds. He was only the second British man to win an Olympic athletics title after the Second World War. The only other British competitor to win a gold medal at the 1960 Summer Olympics was Anita Lonsbrough, in the 200 m breaststroke. He was voted Sportsman of the Year in 1960 by the Sports Writers' Association.

He won a bronze medal at the European Championships in 1962, and was tenth at the 1964 Summer Olympics, both in the 50 km walk. He continued racing for another 40 years, until the early 1990s and completing more than 150 marathons. He habitually woke at 4am to run 8 miles each morning. In 1983, he fell and broke his collarbone during a marathon walk in Thanet; undeterred, he completed the race before seeking treatment. He represented Britain in a race in France in 1991, aged 58 years and 89 days, becoming the oldest person to represent Britain in an athletic event.

Outside athletics, he worked as an insurance clerk, and then as a gardener. He was awarded the MBE in 1970. He collapsed at home and died at Frimley Park Hospital after suffering a brain aneurysm. He married in 1967, and was survived by his wife, and their son and daughter.

• racewalkingrecord.com, 5 October 2006
• Don Thompson dies aged 73, IAAF, 5 October 2006
• Olympic 50km walking champion Thompson dies, The Guardian, 6 October 2006
• Obituary, The Times, 10 October 2006
• Obituary, The Scotsman, 11 October 2006
• Obituary, Sports Journalists' Association News, 6 October 2006
• Obituary, The Guardian, 24 October 2006