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Duncan MacDougall
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dr. Duncan MacDougall was an early 20th century doctor in Haverhill, Massachusetts who sought to measure the weight purportedly lost by a human body when the soul departed the body upon death.
In 1907, MacDougall weighed six patients while they were in the process of dying. He took his results (a varying amount of perceived weight loss in most of the six cases) to support his hypothesis that the soul had weight, and when the soul departed the body, so did the weight. MacDougall also measured fifteen dogs in similar circumstances and reported the results as "uniformly negative", with no perceived change in weight. He took these results as confirmation that the soul had weight, and that dogs did not have souls. MacDougall's complaints about not being able to find dogs dying of the natural causes that would have been ideal have led at least one author to conjecture that he was in fact poisoning dogs to conduct these experiments.[1] In March 1907, accounts of MacDougall's experiments were published in the New York Times and the medical journal American Medicine.
Although generally regarded either as meaningless or considered to have had little if any scientific merit,[1] MacDougall's finding that the human soul weighed 21 grams has become a meme in the public consciousness. It lent itself to the title of the film 21 Grams. In the end however, his practices were considered fallible due to shakey methods and small sample size.
- ^ a b Mikkelson, Barbara; Mikkelson, David P. (2003-10-27). Soul Man. Snopes. Retrieved on February 17, 2007. “MacDougall's ... methodology ... was suspect, [his] sample size far too small, and [his] ability to measure changes in weight imprecise. For this reason, credence should not be given to the idea his experiments proved something, let alone that they measured the weight of the soul ... His postulations on this topic are a curiousity, but nothing more.”
- Summary of MacDougall's research at Snopes.com
- Full text pf MacDougall's research
- Related paper by Lewiss E. Hollander, Jr. showing transient weight increase at time of death for sheep.
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