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Earl Doherty, currently living in Canada, is the author of The Jesus Puzzle, a work published in 2000 by the Humanist Association of Canada arguing that Jesus never lived. Doherty argues that Paul and other writers of the earliest existing Christian documents did not believe in Jesus as a person that lived on Earth in an historical setting. Rather, they believed in Jesus as a mythical hero who suffered his sacrificial death in the lower spheres of heaven in the hands of the demon spirits, and was subsequently resurrected by God. This Christ myth was not based on a tradition reaching back to a historical Jesus, but on the Old Testament exegesis in the context of Jewish-Hellenistic religious syncretism heavily influenced by Platonism, and what the authors believed to be mystical visions of a risen Jesus.

According to Doherty, the Jesus myth was given a historical setting only by the second generation of Christians, somewhere between the first and second century. Doherty claims that even the author of the Gospel of Mark, which he dates, later than most New Testament scholars, after 90 AD, probably did not consider his gospel to be a literal work of history, but an allegorical Midrashic composition based on the Old Testament prophecies. In the widely supported two-source hypothesis, the story of Mark was later fused with a separate tradition of anonymous sayings embodied in the Q document into the other gospels; according to Doherty these became interpreted as the literal history of the life of Jesus. Doherty denies any historical value of the Acts of the Apostles, dismissing it as a late work based on legend. These positions stand in the minority among Biblical scholars.

Doherty has a degree in Ancient History and Classical Languages, and he was introduced to the idea of a mythical origin of Jesus by the work of G.A. Wells, who has authored a number of books arguing a more moderate form of the "Christ myth" theory. Doherty claims to have used his language skills to have studied the original-language versions of the New Testament, and to have come to his views through a critical analysis of these texts.

• The Jesus Puzzle: Did Christianity Begin with a Mythical Christ? (1999) ISBN 0-9686014-0-5
• Challenging the Verdict: A Cross-examination of Lee Strobel's "The Case for Christ" (2001) ISBN 0-9689259-0-1

• Doherty's web site
• More articles by Earl Doherty
• Fear and Loathing in a Lost Gospel by Chris Zeichman, criticising Doherty's positions on the Q document