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Edward John Eyre
Born	August 5, 1815 Whipsnade, England
Died	November 30, 1901 Yorkshire, England
Occupation	Explorer of Australia, Colonial Administrator, Grazier

Edward John Eyre (5 August 1815 - 30 November 1901) was an English land explorer of the Australian continent and a controversial Governor of Jamaica.

South Australia's Lake Eyre, Eyre Peninsula, Eyre Creek, Eyre Highway (the main highway from South Australia to Western Australia), and the Eyre Hotel in Whyalla are named in his honour, as are the villages of Eyreton and West Eyreton in Canterbury, New Zealand.

Contents 1 Early life 2 South Australian expeditions 3 Colonial Governor 4 Colonial Governor in Jamaica 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading

Eyre (the name is homophonous with the word "air") was born in Whipsnade, Bedfordshire, shortly before his family moved to Hornsea, Yorkshire, where he was christened^[1]. His parents were Rev. Anthony William Eyre and Sarah (nee Mapleton)^[2]. After completing grammar school at Louth and Sedbergh, he moved to Sydney rather than join the army or go to university. He gained experience in the new land by boarding with and forming friendships with prominent gentlemen and became a flock owner when he bought 400 lambs a month before his 18th birthday^[3]. When South Australia was found, Eyre brought 1000 sheep and 600 cattle overland from Monaro, New South Wales to Adelaide and sold them for a large profit. He also discovered Lake Eyre.

With this money, Eyre set out to explore the interior of South Australia, with two separate expeditions north to the Flinders Ranges and west to beyond Ceduna.

Eyre, together with his adolescent Aboriginal companion Wylie, with whom he is thought to have been on intimate terms,^[4] was the first European to traverse the coastline of the Great Australian Bight and the Nullarbor Plain by land in 1840-1841, on an almost 2000 mile trip to Albany, Western Australia. He had originally led the expedition with John Baxter and three aborigines. Two of the aborigines killed Baxter and left with most of the supplies, and Eyre and Wylie were only able to survive because they were rescued by a French whaling ship which at Rossiter Bay, under the command of Captain Rossiter, chanced to be there. Eyre named the bay after the captain.

In addition to exploring inland South Australia and New South Wales, Eyre was instrumental in maintaining peace between white settlers and aborigines along the Murray River.

From 1848 to 1853, he served as Lieutenant-Governor of New Munster province in New Zealand under Sir George Grey. He married Miss Adelaide Ormond in 1850.

From 1854 he was Governor of several Caribbean island colonies. Whilst Governor of Jamaica he suppressed the Morant Bay Rebellion ruthlessly, and had many black peasants killed. He also authorised the execution (or judicial murder) of George William Gordon, a mixed-race colonial assemblyman (his father was a Caucasian planter) who was suspected of involvement in the insurrection.

These events created great controversy in Britain, resulting in demands for Eyre to be arrested and tried for murdering Gordon. John Stuart Mill organised the Jamaica Committee, which demanded his prosecution and included some well-known British liberal intellectuals (such as John Bright, Charles Darwin, Thomas Huxley, Thomas Hughes and Herbert Spencer). A rival committee was set up by Thomas Carlyle for the defence, arguing that Eyre had acted decisively to restore order. His supporters included John Ruskin, Charles Kingsley, Charles Dickens and Alfred Lord Tennyson. Twice Eyre was charged with murder, but the cases never proceeded.

In 1865 a rebellion broke out in the British colony of Jamaica due to poor living conditions of the indigenous inhabitants and the shortage of land available to them for cultivation. As Governor of the Colony, Edward John Eyre, brutally suppressed the rebellion, in which many indigenous people were killed and hundreds were savagely flogged. The case went to the UK Court of Exchequer as Phillips v Eyre (1870) LR 6 QB 1, Exchequer Chamber. The case was influential in setting a precedent in English and Australian law over the conflict of laws, and choice of law to be aplied in international torts cases. For an account of the social background to the rebellion, its brutal suppression, and the criminal proceedings subsequently brought in England against Edward John Eyre, see G. Dutton, In Search of Edward John Eyre (1982, MacMillan), 115-42; J Michener, Caribbean (1989, Random House), 402-42.

• European Exploration of Australia
• History of Jamaica

1. ^ Steve Pocock (2000). History. Great Australian Bight Safaris. Retrieved on 2006-04-08.
2. ^
   • Serle, Percival (1949). "Eyre, Edward John". Dictionary of Australian Biography. Sydney: Angus and Robertson. 
3. ^ Kevin Koepplinger. Hero and Tyrant:Edward John Eyre's Legacy.
4. ^ Empire and Sexuality: The British Experience, Ronald Hyam; p47

• Short biography
• Eyre's Journals from his 1840/1 expedition
• Works by Edward John Eyre at Project Gutenberg
• Geoffrey Dutton, Edward John Eyre: the Hero as Murderer, Penguin, 1977.
• Biography in 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand

Government offices
Preceded by Richard Graves MacDonnell	Lieutenant Governor of St. Vincent 1854–1861	Succeeded by Richard Simmons
Preceded by Charles Henry Darling	Governor of Jamaica 1862–1864 (acting); 1864–1865	Succeeded by Sir Henry Knight Storks
Awards
Preceded by John Murray	Clarke Medal 1901	Succeeded by Frederick Manson Bailey