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Collective effervescence (CE) is the energy formed by a gathering of people as might be experienced at a sporting event, a carnival, or a riot. This energy can cause people to act differently than in their everyday life.

Contents 1 CE in religion 2 Literature 3 See also 4 External links 5 References

Collective effervescence is the basis for Émile Durkheim's theory of religion as laid out in his 1912 volume Elementary Forms of the Religious Life. This book is largely based on studies of the aboriginal tribes.

Durkheim argues that the universal religious dichotomy of profane and sacred results from the lives of these tribe members: most of their life is spent performing menial tasks such as hunting and gathering. These tasks are profane. The rare occasions on which the entire tribe gathers together becomes sacred, and the high energy level associated with these events gets directed onto physical objects or people which then become sacred.

For Durkheim, religion is a fundamentally social phenomenon. The beliefs and practices of the sacred are a method of social organization. According to Durkheim:

god and society are one of the same…the god of the clan…can be none other than the clan itself, but the clan transfigured and imagined in the physical form of a plant or animal that serves as a totem.^[1]

• Durkheim, The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life, (1912, English translation by Joseph Swain: 1915) The Free Press, 1965. ISBN 0-02-908010-X, new translation by Karen E. Fields 1995, ISBN 0-02-907937-3

• Carnival
• Hooliganism
• Riot
• Crowd psychology
• Collective hysteria
• Ochlocracy
• Herd behavior
• Collective behavior
• Violence in sports
• Football (soccer) hooliganism
• Mass action (sociology)
• Group behaviour
• Group action (sociology)
• Peer pressure
• Social comparison theory
• Spiral of silence
• Herd instinct
• Bandwagon effect
• Collective consciousness
• Collective Effervescence
• Collective intelligence
• Group behaviour
• Grateful Dead concerts
• Herd morality
• Mob rule
• Sheeple
• Keeping up with the Joneses

• An analysis of Mardi Gras based on collective effervescence

1. ^ Durkheim, Émile. The Elementary Forms of Religious Life. New York: The Free Press, 1995, 208.