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Eliakim Sherrill (February 16, 1813 – July 4, 1863) was an antebellum United States Congressman from the state of New York and a brigade commander in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was mortally wounded during the Battle of Gettysburg defending against Pickett's Charge.

Sherrill was born in Greenville, New York, where he attended the public schools. He moved to Herkimer County in 1832. He married Emily Eldridge, a daughter of Judge Eldridge of Madison County. The couple moved to Shandaken in 1838, where Sherrill owned a tannery. He entered local politics, holding several political offices. He served as a major in the state militia. He was elected from Ulster County as a Whig to the Thirtieth Congress (March 4, 1847–March 3, 1849). Sherrill served as a member of the State Senate from the 10th District in 1854–55. Three years later, he moved to Brooklyn, then in 1860 to Geneva, where he had a farm.

During the Civil War, he organized the 126th New York Volunteer Infantry in August 1862 and became its first Colonel. His regiment was among the troops defending Harpers Ferry against Joseph B. Kershaw's Confederate brigade during the Maryland Campaign. Severely wounded with a gunshot through his lower jaw in fighting on Maryland Heights, Sherrill was captured and later paroled. The wound never healed, but he temporarily rejoined his regiment at Union Mills, Virginia, in October 1862. After a furlough for further recuperation, he returned for duty on January 27, 1863.

He commanded the Third Brigade, Third Division, Second Army Corps, after Col. George Willard’s death on July 2, 1863, at the Battle of Gettysburg. Sherrill, in his first full day commanding the brigade, was positioned near Ziegler's Grove on Cemetery Ridge, when he was mortally wounded on July 3 by a musket shot in the bowels. Carried off the field by men of the 39th New York Infantry, he was taken to the XI Corps field hospital, where he died about 8:00 a.m. the next day. His body was sent by the regimental surgeon to Baltimore for enbalming.

He was buried in the Washington Street Cemetery in Geneva, New York. Nearly 10,000 people attended his funeral.

• This article incorporates facts obtained from the public domain Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
• Morrisville Library
• New York State Military Museum