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Elizabeth Janeway (October 7, 1913 – January 15, 2005) was an American author and critic.

Born Elizabeth Ames Hall in Brooklyn, New York, her naval architect father and homemaker mother fell on hard times during the Depression, leading her to end her Swarthmore College education and help support the family by creating bargain basement sale slogans (she later graduated from Barnard College).

Never a supporter of the Communist Party or even a socialist, she did breathe the progressive air of 1930s New York; she always laugh as she described how she and a Barnard friend met their PE requirement by improvising a tap-dance version to The Internationale. Intent on becoming an author, Janeway took the same creative writing class again and again to help hone her craft. While working on her first novel, The Walsh Girls, she met and married Eliot Janeway, economic adviser to Presidents Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Lyndon B. Johnson (he was known as "Calamity Janeway" for his pessimistic economic forecasts). Elizabeth described Eliot as "the most intelligent man I had ever met."

The Janeways mingled with United States Supreme Court justices and many other luminaries of the day (she recommended Erica Jong's Fear of Flying to Justice William O. Douglas).

At the behest of labor organizer Walter Reuther she aided General Motors workers with their mid-1940s strike against the company.

Janeway finally finished Girls in 1943 while awaiting the birth of her second child; she signed the contract with the publishers while en route to the hospital. A later novel, 1949's The Question of Gregory attracted attention due to the eerie similarities between Gregory and James Forrestal, a Defense Secretary and acquaintance of the Janeways who committed suicide. Janeway denied any connection between fact and fiction; she said the real theme of the book was "liberals in trouble".

All in all Janeway wrote seven novels; one, 1945's Daisy Kenyon, was made into a film starring Joan Crawford. For a time Janeway was a reviewer for the New York Times, and in that capacity introduced writer Anthony Powell and served as a champion of controversial works such as Lolita. She was also a reviewer for Ms. magazine.

From 1965-1969 she served as president of the Authors Guild, addressing lawmakers about copyright protection and other matters.

Many of Janeway's early works focused on the family situation, with occasional glimpses at the struggles of women in modern society. In the early 1970s, she began a more explicitly feminist path with works such as Man's World, Woman's Place: A Study of Social Mythology. She befriended Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem and Kate Millet and was strongly in favor of abortion rights. Janeway continued to write and go on lecture tours and learned to speak Russian so that she could visit the Soviet Union.

She was a judge for the National Book Awards in 1955 and for the Pulitzer Prize in 171. She was also an executive of International PEN.

Elizabeth Janeway died at her Rye, New York home. She is survived by two sons, Columbia Graduate School of Journalism professor, Boston Globe editor and former Atlantic Monthly executive Michael Janeway, and William Hall Janeway, until 2006 a Vice Chairman at Warburg Pincus, as well as 3 grandchildren and a great-granddaughter.

On the time she met President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) and tripped on his leg braces:

Mrs. Roosevelt wanted to greet us, and she turned and said, 'Do come down.' And so I started down to shake her hand, and I fell over FDR's feet, flat on my face. And he leaned down, and he just picked me up like that, you know, very powerful arms, because he had to use the crutches. And he sort of [set] me on my feet.

On her age:

I have a problem about being nearly sixty. I keep waking up in the morning and thinking I'm thirty-one.

On liberals:

"[Liberals] are so darned immature. Too many of them have been convinced that power corrupts always. They are well-meaning people afraid to take action."

• Guardian obituary
• More Janeway quotes