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Dr. Emily Stowe

Dr. Emily Howard Stowe Jennings (May 1, 1831 – April 30, 1903) was the first female doctor to practise in Canada, and an activist for women's rights and suffrage. Emily Stowe was born in Norwich Township, Ontario.

She married John Fiuscia Michael Heward Stowe in 1856. In the next seven years she had 3 children, in the course of which her husband also developed tuberculosis, which in turn developed his wife's interest in herbal remedies and homeophathic medicine, a field in which her mother had also been interested. Emily Howard Stowe then decided to become a doctor.

Before her marriage, her career began at the age of 15 as a teacher in a one-room schoolhouse in Ottawa, Ontario, where she taught for seventeen years. In 1852, when she applied for admission to Victoria College, in Cobourg, Ontario, she was refused because of her sex. However, Toronto’s Normal School for Upper Canada accepted women, and in 1854 she graduated from this teachers' college with first-class honours. She was, until her marriage, the first woman principal of a public school in Upper Canada.

Since no medical school in Canada would accept a female even by the 1860s — "The doors of the University are not open to women and I trust they never will be," the University's vice-president told her — Emily Stowe earned her degree in the United States, graduating from the New York Medical College for Women (a homeopathic medical school) in 1867, and returned to open a practice in Toronto, Ontario without a license. She saved many children and women.

In 1870, the president of the Toronto School of Medicine granted special permission to Stowe and fellow student Jenny Kidd Trout to attend classes, though Stowe does not seem to have taken the exams for her license.

The College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario granted Stowe a licence to practice medicine on July 16, 1880, based on her past experience, making Stowe the second female licensed physician in Canada, after Trout.

Her daughter, Augusta Stowe-Gullen, was the first woman to earn a medical degree in Canada.

Stowe was a prominent early suffragist, considered by some to be the mother of the movement in Canada. She founded the Toronto Women's Literary Guild, a suffragist organization, and campaigned for professional, educational and occupational opportunities for women.

As is true for many suffragists, a tension existed between Stowe's commitment to fellow women and class loyalty. In an episode that may demonstrate the dominance of the latter, Stowe broke the bond of doctor-patient confidentiality by disclosing the abortion request of a patient, Sara Ann Lovell, a domestic servant, to her employer. (See Abortion trial of Emily Stowe)

• Famous Canadian Physicians: Dr. Emily Howard Stowe at Library and Archives Canada

• Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
• Archive biography