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Enderbury Island (Ederbury Island, Enderbury Island, Guano) is a small, uninhabited atoll 63 km ESE of Kanton Island in the Pacific Ocean at 3 degrees, 8 minutes S, 171 degrees, 5 minutes W. It is about 1 mile (1.6 km) wide and 3 miles (4.8 km) long, with a reef stretching out about 60-200 metres. The island is flat and bare, with low shrubs and a few clumps of trees. Unlike other atolls, there is only a small lagoon; most of the atoll is land.

Enderbury Island. Image courtesy of Image Science and Analysis Laboratory, Johnson Space Center

Enderbury Island was discovered in 1823 by Capt. James J. Coffin from the British whaling ship 'Transit' and named after Samuel Enderby (1756-1829), owner of a London whaling company. The version 'Enderbury' is a misspelling. The first interest in Enderbury came in 1860, with guano mining. The Guano Islands Act of 1856 allowed Americans to claim islands which had guano deposits; Enderbury was one of them. The start was slow, but guano mining in Enderbury reached its peak in 1870, under the Phoenix Guano Company, when 6,000 tons were mined and shipped in 64 days. The Americans left in 1877, and an English guano company took over in the 1880s, though it was not as productive.

Very little else occurred at Enderbury until 1938, when US President Franklin Roosevelt declared Enderbury, along with the nearby island of Kanton, to be under the jurisdiction of the United States Department of the Interior. These islands had been deemed a good strategic point for stopover of PanAm flights to Australia and New Zealand, though Enderbury itself was never used for this. Britain also claimed the islands, and in 1939, a deal was signed for America and Britain to share the islands in a condominium.

Four colonists settled on the island in 1938, to uphold its American claim of ownership, but they were evacuated in 1942 during the World War II, and all buildings were destroyed to stop them from being used by the Japanese.

Today, Enderbury is home to many species of seabirds which roost there and is under the sovereignty of the Republic of Kiribati.

• Bryan, Edwin H.: American Polynesia : coral islands of the Central Pacific; Honolulu, Hawaii 1941
• Skaggs, Jimmy M.: The great guano rush : entrepreneurs and American overseas expansion; New York, NY : St. Martin's Pr., 1994 ISBN 0-312-10316-6

• http://www.pacificislandtravel.com/kiribati/about_destin/enderbury.html

Coordinates: 3°08′S, 171°05′W