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ESQ-1 by Ensoniq
Synthesis type:		Analog subtractive
Polyphony:		8 voices
Oscillators:		3 digital oscillators per voice
Multitimbral:		1, but with layer and split functions
VCF:		1 resonant low-pass
VCA:		4 VCA Envelope - Four levels, four rates
LFO:		3 (triangle, saw, square and noise)
Keyboard:		61 keys
Velocity sensitive:		{{{velocity}}}
Aftertouch:		{{{aftertouch}}}
External control:		MIDI
Memory:		40 patches internal 80 extra with an expansion card
Onboard effects:		None
Produced:		1986 - 1988

Ensoniq ESQ-1 is a hybrid digital-analog synthesizer released by Ensoniq in 1986. The ESQ-1 featured 8 voices with 3 digital oscillators per voice. Each oscillator could be set to 1 of 32 different waveforms. Some of these were standard simple waveforms such as sawtooth and triangle, while others were samples such as piano and voice. The ESQ-1 also had 3 LFOs, a 4-pole resonant analog lowpass filter (VCF), 4 VCA and envelope generators. It also sported a 61-key velocity-sensitive keyboard, full MIDI implementation, memory for 40 patches, a memory cartridge slot, and an 8-track sequencer. A rackmount version called the ESQ-M was also released circa 1987, with the exact same specification minus the sequencer. The ESQ-1 was produced until 1988.

When the ESQ-1 was first produced it was marketed as an affordable workstation synthesizer and was a follow up to the earlier and relatively successful Ensoniq Mirage sampler. Following the trend of many synthesizers in the early to mid 1980s it could be classed as an analog-digital hybrid - the oscillators are fully digital in nature whereas the envelope generators and filter were analog circuits. This enabled the ESQ-1 to sound like an analog synthesizer while at the same time reaping the benefits usually associated with digitally controlled parts, such as patch memories and the extreme stability of the oscillators, therefore making the ESQ-1 impervious to the infamous tuning problems that could be experienced with true analog synthesizers.

The 32 waveforms enabled the ESQ-1 to cover quite a lot of ground sonically. It also had a wealth of modulation possibilities with its three LFOs and four envelope generators, which were not of the typical ADSR variety. Each envelope contains eight controls - four levels and four rates, allowing both positive and negative values. The fourth envelope is hard-wired to control the amplitudes of all oscillators the after they have been mixed together.

Another digital trait of the synthesizer was apparent at first glance - it has no knobs whatsoever, and only two faders. Thus all of the programming was handled by many "soft" buttons and one data slider that controlled the selected parameter. This approach to programming was very similar to that of the Yamaha DX7, at that time the most popular digital synthesizer of all, and is very different from having a dedicated control for each of the parameters. However, every internal module (all the envelopes, VCAs, filter, oscillators) have dedicated selection buttons, so you will never have to scroll through parameters to find what you want.

The ESQ-1 has a distinct sound, although the machine itself was overshadowed by other keyboards of the eighties, mainly other digitals like the Yamaha DX7, Roland D-50 and Korg M1 to name a few. The waveforms of sampled sounds do not produce realistic results by today's standards, but can be useful for creating patches containing hints of the instruments that they were intended to emulate. Also the inclusion of Amplitude Modulation and Oscillator Hard Sync strengthened its ability to emulate other analog synthesizers.

• Rainer Buchty's Ensoniq Heaven (support community), including a VST emulator of the machine