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Ernst Badian (b. August 8, 1925) is an Austrian-born classical scholar who served as a professor at Harvard University from 1971 to 1998.

He attended Canterbury University College, New Zealand, receiving a B.A. in 1945 and an M.A. the following year. He then went to Oxford University, getting a B.A. (First Class in Litt. Hum.) in 1950, an M.A. in 1954, and D. Phil. in 1956. In addition, he took a Litt. D. from New Zealand's Victoria University in 1962.

An active promoter of classical studies in the United States, he helped found The American Journal of Ancient History (1976), the Association of Ancient Historians (1974), and the New England Ancient History Colloquium.

In 1999 Austria awarded him the Cross of Honor for Science and Art (Österreichische Ehrenkreuz für Wissenschaft und Kunst).

• Foreign Clientelae 264-70 B.C. (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1958)
• Studies in Greek and Roman History (Blackwell, Oxford, 1964)
• Roman Imperialism in the Late Republic, 2nd ed. (1st commercial ed.) (Blackwell, Oxford/Cornell Univ. Press, 1968)
• Publicans and Sinners (Blackwell, Oxford/Cornell Univ. Press, 1972, reprinted, with corrections and critical bibliography, Cornell Univ. Press, 1983)
• From Plataea to Potidaea (Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1993)
• Zöllner und Sünder (Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt, 1997)

Editor for:

• Ancient Society and Institutions. Studies Presented to Victor Ehrenberg (Blackwell, Oxford, 1966)
• Polybius. Selected passages in translation (Washington Square Press, NY, 1966)
• Sir Ronald Syme, Roman Papers (vols. 1 & 2) (Oxford Univ. Press, 1979)
• Translated Documents of Greek and Rome, vols. 1, 2, 3, edited jointly with Robert K. Sherk (Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, then Cambridge Univ. Press)

• Harvard page on Badian