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External validity
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
External validity is a form of experimental validity.[1] An experiment is said to possess external validity if the experiment’s results hold across different experimental settings, procedures and participants.[2][3] If a study possesses external validity, its results will generalize to the larger population.
The most common loss of external validity comes from the fact that experiments using human participants often employ small samples obtained from a single geographic location. Because of this, one can not be sure that any results obtained would apply to people in other geographic locations.
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External validity should not be confused with ecological validity. While external validity deals with the ability of experimental results to generalize to the “real-world” population, ecological validity is possessed when the experimental procedures resemble real-world conditions. While these forms of validity are closely related, they are independent--a study may possess external validity but not ecological validity, and vice-versa.
Within the qualitative research paradigm, external validity is replaced by the concept of transferability. Transferability is the ability of research results to transfer to situations with similar parameters, populations and characteristics.[4]
- Internal validity
- Construct validity
- Content validity
- Statistical conclusion validity
- Ecological validity
- ^ Mitchell, M. & Jolley, J. (2001). Research Design Explained (4th Ed) New York:Harcourt.
- ^ Brewer, M. (2000). Research Design and Issues of Validity. In Reis, H. & Judd, C. (eds) Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Shadish, W., Cook, T., & Campbell, D. (2002). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference Boston:Houghton Mifflin.
- ^ Lincoln, Y.S. & Guba, E.G. (1986). But is it rigorous? Trustworthiness and authenticity in naturalistic evaluation. In D.D. Williams (Ed.), Naturalistic evaluation (pp. 73-84). New Directions for Program Evaluation, 30. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.