From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Fereydūn (فریدون), also pronounced Farīdūn, in medieval Persian Firēdūn, Middle Persian Frēdōn, and Avestan Θraētaona is the name of an Iranian mythical king and hero who is an emblem of victory, justice and generosity in the Persian literature.

Contents 1 Etymology 2 Θraētaona in Zoroastrian literature 3 Fereydun in the Shāhnāma 4 See also 5 External links

All of the forms of the name shown above derive, by regular sound laws, from Proto-Iranian *Θraitaunah and Proto-Indo-Iranian *Traitaunas.

*Traitaunas is a derivative (with augmentative suffix -una/-auna) of *Tritas, the name of a deity or hero reflected in the Vedic Trita and the Avestan Θrita. Both names are identical to the adjective meaning "the third", a term used of a minor deity associated with two other deities to form a triad. In the Indian Vedas, Trita is associated with gods of thunder and wind. Trita is also called Āptya, a name that is probably cognate with Āθβiya, the name of Θraētaona's father in the Avesta. *Traitaunas may therefore be interpreted as "the great son of the deity Tritas".

In the Avesta, Θraētaona is the son of Āθβiya, and so is called Āθβiyāni "from the family of Āθβiya". Originally he may have been recorded as the killer of the dragon Aži Dahāka, but in Middle Persian texts Dahāka/Dahāg is instead imprisoned on Mount Damāvand.

According to Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh, Fereydun was the son of Ābtīn one of descendants of Jamshid. Fereydun together with Kaveh revolted against the tyrannical king “Zahhāk” and could defeat and arrest him in the Alborz Mountains. Afterwards Fereydun became the king and according to the myth, ruled the country for about 500 years. At the end of his life he allocated his kingdom to his three sons; Salm, Tur, and Iraj. Iraj was Fereydun’s youngest and favored son and inherited the best part of the kingdom namely Iran. Salm inherited Asia Minor ("Rūm", more generally meaning the Roman Empire, the Greco-Roman world, or just "the West") and Tur inherited Central Asia ("Tūrān", all the lands north and east of the Oxus, as far as China), respectively. This aroused Iraj’s brothers’ envy and encouraged them to murder him. After Iraj’s murder, Fereydun enthroned Iraj’s grandson, Manūchehr, before his decease. Manūchehr’s attempt to revenge his grand father’s murder initiates the Iranian-Turanian wars.

Preceded by Zahhāk

Legendary Kings of the Shāhnāma 1800-2300 (after Keyumars)

Succeeded by Manūchehr

edit	Persian literature series
	شاهنامه فردوسی Shahnameh of Ferdowsi
Characters:	Abtin | Arash | Afrāsiāb | Esfandiār | Fereydun | Goodarz | Gordāfarid | Hushang | Jamshid | Kāveh | Kai Khosrow | Kiumars | Manuchehr | Rakhsh | Rohām | Rostam | Rostam Farrokhzad | Rudābeh | Sām | Shaghād | Siāmak | Siāvash | Simurgh | Sohrāb | Tahmineh | Tahmuras | Zāl | Zahhāk
Places:	Irān | Māzandarān | Samangān | Turān | Zābol | Kābul

• Iranian literature
• Persian mythology

• First Iranian Legendary Heroes and Heroines: A Research Note by Manouchehr Saadat Noury
• Encyclopedia Iranica