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Fifth Republic of South Korea
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Fifth Republic of South Korea | |
|---|---|
| Hangul: |
제5공화국
|
| Hanja: |
第五共和國
|
| Revised Romanization: | Je-oh Gonghwaguk |
| McCune-Reischauer: | Che-oh Konghwaguk |
The Fifth Republic of South Korea was the government of the country from 1979 to 1987. Throughout this period, the government was controlled by Chun Doo-hwan, a military colleague of the assassinated president Park Chung-hee. This period saw extensive efforts at reform. It laid the foundations for the relatively stable democratic system of the subsequent Sixth Republic.
After the assassination of Park by Kim Jae-kyu in 1979, a vocal civil society emerged that led to strong protests against authoritarian rule. Composed primarily of university students and labor unions, protests reached a climax after Major General Chun Doo-hwan's 1979 Coup d'état of December Twelfth and declaration of martial law. On May 18, 1980, a confrontation broke out in the city of Gwangju between students of Chonnam National University protesting against the closure of their university and armed forces and they resisted brutal suppression of military force that lasted nine days until May 27. Immediate estimates of the civilian death toll ranged from a few dozen to 2000, with a later full investigation by the civilian government finding 207 deaths (see: Gwangju Massacre). Public outrage over the killings consolidated nationwide support for democracy, paving the road for the first democratic elections in 1987.
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