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Focus‎
Focus
Background information
Origin	The Netherlands
Genre(s)	Progressive rock
Years active	1969—Present
Label(s)	Sire Records
Website	focus-officialhomepage.com
Members
Thijs van Leer - Hammond-organ, flute and vocals Niels van der Steenhoven - guitar Bobby Jacobs - bass Pierre van der Linden - drums
Former members
Jan Akkerman (guitar) Jan Dumée (guitar) Martin Dresden (bass) Cyril Havermans (bass) Bert Ruiter (bass) Hans Cleuver (drums) Colin Allen (drums) Bert Smaak (drums)

Focus is a Dutch progressive rock band. It was founded by classically trained organist/ flautist Thijs van Leer in 1969. It is most famous for the song "Hocus Pocus".

Contents 1 History 1.1 The 1970s 1.2 The 1980s 1.3 The 1990s 1.4 The 2000s 2 Music 3 Discography 3.1 Albums 3.2 Singles 4 References 5 Books 6 See also 7 External links

1970: At the release of their first album In and Out of Focus, Focus comprised keyboardist and flautist Thijs van Leer, guitarist Jan Akkerman, bassist Martin Dresden, and drummer Hans Cleuver. The album was little noticed outside of the Netherlands, where a small but avid fan base developed. Akkerman left the group to form another band with bassist Cyril Havermans and Pierre van der Linden, a drummer he had previously performed with in Johnny and the Cellar Rockers, The Hunters, and Brainbox. When Cleuver and Dresden left Focus shortly after, Van Leer joined Akkerman, Van der Linden, and Havermans as the new lineup of Focus.

1971: The group released Moving Waves, which brought the band international acclaim and a hit on both sides of the Atlantic with the radio edit of the rock rondo Hocus Pocus. This rock classic consists of Akkerman's guitar chord sequence used as a recurring theme, with quirky and energetic interludes that include alto flute riffs, accordion, guitar, and drum solos, whistling, nonsensical vocals, falsetto singing, and yodeling. This album established Van Leer and Akkerman as composers who could appeal to progressive-rock album listeners (a large audience in the early 1970s) and radio single buyers.

Shortly before the band went on tour to support the album, Havermans quit and was replaced by Bert Ruiter. He released a solo album, Cyril, in 1973, on which he was backed by all three of his former bandmates from Focus.

1972: The Focus III double album was released. Van Leer and Akkerman were still producing much of their most seminal work, but critics claimed that the album was not as cohesive as Moving Waves and the material did not support the length of a double album. However, the album contained the Van Leer-penned "Sylvia" which become a major hit in many markets outside the U.S. and topped the charts for several weeks in Great Britain. After two hits in a row, demands to continue producing hit singles began both inside and outside the ranks of the band and its producers.

In late 1973, the Focus "At the Rainbow" album was released, which showcases the energy and virtuosity Focus routinely displayed in their live concerts.

1974: Van der Linden was replaced by ex-Stone the Crows drummer Colin Allen before the Focus recorded the Hamburger Concerto album. It was felt by the producers and some in the group that Allen's more mainstream rock drumming style would make Focus more accessible to a wider audience. An attempt to repeat the chart-topping performance of the "Hocus Pocus" sound in the single Harem Scarem was not successful, and this contributed to the band's declining fortunes at this time. However, Hamburger Concerto is still considered by many to be their masterpiece.

1975: The album Mother Focus, featuring new drummer David Kemper, was released to mostly negative reviews. Critics and longtime fans were puzzled by the sudden turn to short pop songs and a light jazz-fusion style in several tracks, while the lack of a potential single soured the music industry's opinion on the band's ability to capture a wider audience. The quality of the compositions were still high, but the career of Focus was hampered by changing tastes in the audience away from the progressive music that was in vogue when the band started and the lack of a clear stylistic direction.

1976: Frustrated with group's lack of direction and the constraints of working with its commercial ambitions, Jan Akkerman left on the eve of a sell-out UK tour. His last minute replacement was Belgian jazz-fusion guitarist Philip Catherine. The group's label Sire Records released Ship of Memories, an album of largely unfinished Focus tracks from the aborted 1973-1974 rehearsal sessions to produce a follow-up album to Focus 3. The liner notes were written by Mike Vernon who was the group's producer at the time, and claim that Akkerman's lack of interest in the project was the reason the sessions fell through. Ship of Memories was released largely due to the effort of Mike Vernon and without the active involvement of the band. The title track is a Van der Linden composition.

1978: American singer P. J. Proby and guitarist Eef Albers joined Philip Catherine and the rest of Focus to record Focus con Proby. The album received dismal reviews and a lack of interest from all but hardcore fans, and after a short tour the band decided to call it a day.

1985: Van Leer and Akkerman reunited for a joint project which resulted in the commercially unsuccessful album "Focus". Even though it is officially not a product of the band Focus, most tracks recall the "lite jazz" sound of the "Mother Focus" album. With tepid marketing support and a short record production run, many of Focus' longtime fans around the world were unaware that the album was released or were unable to find a copy. As a result, sales of the album were predictably abysmal.

1990: The classic lineup of Akkerman, Van Leer, Ruiter, and Van der Linden performed old and new compositions on the Dutch TV programs "Veronika" and "Goud van Oud" in 1990. An unsuccessful attempt was made to formally restart the band at this time.

1993: Van Leer and Akkerman shared the stage and performed Focus compositions at the North Sea Jazz Festival.

1999: Van Leer attempts to reform Focus with original drummer Hans Cleuver, bassist Bert Ruiter, and new guitarist Menno Gootjes. They performed several live dates in Holland, but internal wrangling over material intended for a CD release effectively split up the group.

2001: Thijs van Leer re-formed Focus as himself, stepson Bobby Jacobs on bass, guitarist Jan Dumée, and drummer Ruben van Roon (all are former members of the band CONXI). van Roon is soon after replaced by Bert Smaak. The result was the well-received Focus 8 album and world tour. Jan Dumée's guitar playing on Focus 8 is reminiscent of Akkerman's, and both guitarists have expressed their high regard for each other's work.

2004: Pierre van der Linden replaces Bert Smaak on drums.

June 2006: A new album (Focus 9 / New Skin) is recorded, but due to 'musical differences', guitarist Jan Dumée is dismissed from the band.

July 2006: Niels van der Steenhoven joins the group and the Focus 9 / New Skin CD is re-recorded. Jan Dumée forms his own group On The Rocks together with British singer John Lawton (ex-Uriah Heep and Lucifer's Friend).

September 2006: The band released the album Focus 9 / New Skin under the Red Bullet label. This label now owns the entire back catalogue of Focus. The return of van der Linden's distinctive jazz-influenced drumming style strongly moves the band closer to its classic 1970's sound. This has been hailed as a huge boost for the Focus comeback and suggests interesting future musical directions for the band. The band will continue touring internationally this year, starting in their home country.

Focus remains one of the most well-known and influential rock bands from the Netherlands. They successfully fuse inspired jazz, rock, and blues improvisation, classical musical structures, and accessible pop melodies into a powerful and instantly recognizable sound.

Akkerman's technical mastery of the guitar and the often unpredictable brilliance of his improvisations were the perfect counterpoint to Van Leer's extensive knowledge of musical styles and disciplined approach to composition. Van Leer's tongue-in-cheek musical references include the reworking of motifs from an early Monteverdi opera in the extended piece "Eruption" on the Moving Waves album, the contrapuntal passage in the middle section of "Carnival Fugue" on the Focus 3 album, the Renaissance-era harmonic progressions in "Anonymous II" (also on Focus 3), and the quote from the first chorale of J.S. Bach's oratorio St. Matthew Passion in the track "Father Bach" on "Mother Focus". The works of both composers display an impeccable melodic sense more often found in pop songs and Broadway showtunes than in progressive rock compositions. It is to the regret of many rock fans that Thijs van Leer and Jan Akkerman were unable to continue their collaboration, as together they were more than the sum of their formidable parts.

Among most fans and critics, Moving Waves and Focus 3 are considered the best overall Focus albums. Focus 3 begins with the sprightly, jazz-tinged "Round Goes The Gossip" which includes a quote, sung by Van Leer in Latin, from Virgil's The Aeneid. The second half of the album contains compositions as long as 27 minutes, which feature extended improvised solos from Akkerman and Van Leer. Others consider Hamburger Concerto the band's masterpiece. The title track is a 20-minute epic with impeccable musicianship from all band members and features a reference to Johannes Brahms' "Variations on a Theme from Haydn" as its opening motif. During the tour for this album, they briefly joined Bruce Springsteen on his Born to Run tour.

Akkerman's "House of the King" (from the "In and Out of Focus" album) is the title theme of 'Don't Ask Me', a science-based British TV show of the 1970s that made household names of Dr. Magnus Pyke and Professor David Bellamy. It is also the title theme of the late 1970's BBC schools programme Encounter France and more recently, Steve Coogan's BBC2 sitcom Saxondale, for which the final bars of Hocus Pocus are used as the outro theme. "House of the King" is often mistaken for a Jethro Tull song.

• In and Out of Focus (January 1970)
• Moving Waves (October 1971)
• Focus III (November 1972)
• At the Rainbow (October 1973)
• Hamburger Concerto (May 1974)
• Mother Focus (October 1975)
• Ship of Memories (September 1977)
• Focus con Proby (January 1978)
• Focus (August 1985)
• Hocus Pocus (1994)
• Focus 8 (January 2002)
• Live at the BBC 1976 (May 2004)
• Focus 9 / New Skin (September 2006)

Charting singles:

• "Hocus Pocus" #20 UK, #9 US. (B-side: Janis)
• "Sylvia" #4 UK, #89 US. (B-side: Love Remembered)

Non-charting singles:

• House Of The King (B-side: Black Beauty)
• House of the King (B-side: O Avondrood - a vocal version of "Red sky at night")
• Tommy (B-side: Focus II)
• Harem Scarem (B-side: Early Birth. This is a shortened alternate version of the track "Birth" on the album "Hamburger Concerto".)
• Mother Focus (B-side: I Need A Bathroom)
• P's March (B-side: Focus II)
• Hocus Pocus (B-side: Hocus Pocus, U.S. Version. This version is also found on CD release of the "Ship Of Memories" album.)
• Russian Roulette (B-side: Ole' Judy)

• In and Out of Focus : The Music of Jan Akkerman and "Focus"

• Jan Akkerman
• Thijs Van Leer
• Jan Dumée

• Official Focus website
• Official Focus YouTube channel
• Official Jan Akkerman website
• Official Jan Dumée website
• Official Niels van der Steenhoven website
• Focus tribute website
• Focus biography, discography reviews and ratings
• Nostalgia Central photos
• (http://launch.groups.yahoo.com/group/eruptions Yahoo group)