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The Football League Third Division South was a level of English professional football which ran in parallel to Third Division North from 1921 to 1958.

The division was created in 1921 from the Third Division, formed one year earlier when the Football League absorbed the entire top division of the Southern League, effectively ending the ambitions of that league to rival the Football League. Before the creation of the Third Division, most of the Football League's clubs were from the industrial areas of the North and Midlands, with only 7 of its 44 members based in the South (Arsenal, Chelsea, Clapton Orient, Fulham, Tottenham Hotspur and West Ham United, all from London, and Bristol City).

The following season, a Northern section was created, and the original division was renamed Third Division South. The exceptions to this were Crystal Palace, who were promoted to the Second Division, Grimsby Town who transferred to the Third Division North and Abedare Athletic and Charlton Athletic who joined for the first time. Several Midlands-based teams were included in the South division, even though most were geographically closer to their Northern division rivals, such as Nottingham Forest and Notts County being included in the Southern division even though nearby Derby County spent time in the Northern division.

The division originally had 22 teams, expanding to 24 in 1950. Only one promotion place was available to the Second Division, meaning that many clubs spent long periods of time stuck in the division, and several were never promoted in the division's 31 seasons. At the end of each season, the bottom two clubs were put up for re-election, alongside the bottom two in the Northern section, although most survived the re-election vote. Ipswich Town, Nottingham Forest, and Portsmouth are the only Third Division South champions who became First Division Champions.

In 1958, the North and South sections were merged together, to form a single Third Division and a new Fourth Division.

From 1934 to the war's outbreak there was a short-lived knockout Football League Third Division South Cup.

Main article: List of winners of English Football League One and predecessors