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Foramen lacerum
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Foramen lacerum | |
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| Base of the skull. Upper surface. (Foramen lacerum is labeled at center left, and is visible as the large hole between yellow sphenoid, red temporal, and blue occipital) | |
| Gray's | subject #47 192 |
| Dorlands/Elsevier | f_12/12373219 |
The foramen lacerum (Latin for lacerated piercing) is a triangular hole in the base of the skull located at the base of the medial pterygoid plate.
Several anatomy texts incorrectly state that the internal carotid artery passes through the foramen lacerum. However, in vivo the foramen is actually occluded by cartilage, preventing the artery from passing through. Rather, the internal carotid artery enters the base of the skull through the carotid canal, and travels superiorly to the cartilage occluding the foramen lacerum.
However, some nerves, arteries, and veins do pass through the cartilage plug of the foramen lacerum; the artery of pterygoid canal, the nerve of pterygoid canal, and some venous drainage.
- The nerve of pterygoid canal comprises the deep petrosal nerve and the greater petrosal nerve the former carrying sympathetic fibres and the latter parasympathetic fibres of the autonomic nervous system to blood vessels, mucous membranes, salivary glands, and lacrimal glands.
- Furthermore, one of the terminal branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery (itself a branch of the external carotid artery) passes through the foramen lacerum. This is one of three possible "meningeal branches" of this vessel, the ascending pharyngeal artery.
- Lastly, some emissary veins pass through the foramen lacerum. These connect the extracranial pterygoid plexus with the intracranial cavernous sinus and present an unopposed route for infection.
- SUNY Figs 22:5b-10 - "Internal view of skull."
- Photo of model at Waynesburg College skeleton/foramenlacerum
- Norman/Georgetown cranialnerves (VII)
- Tauber M, van Loveren H, Jallo G, Romano A, Keller J (1999). "The enigmatic foramen lacerum". Neurosurgery 44 (2): 386-91; discussion 391-3. PMID 9932893.
- Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, at Elsevier 34257.000-1
- Image at ucsd.edu
| Bones of head and neck: cranial sutures, fontanelles, and related regions |
|---|
| cranial sutures: Coronal - Lambdoid - Occipitomastoid - Sphenofrontal - Sphenoparietal - Sphenosquamosal - Sphenozygomatic -Squamosal - Zygomaticotemporal - Zygomaticofrontal - Frontal/Metopic - Sagittal - Frontoethmoidal - Petrosquamous - Sphenoethmoidal - Sphenopetrosal
fontanelles: Anterior fontanelle - Posterior fontanelle foramina of multiple bones: Inferior orbital fissure - Foramen lacerum - Jugular foramen - Nasolacrimal canal Anterior cranial fossa - Middle cranial fossa - Posterior cranial fossa - Cranial cavity other compound structures: Asterion - Nasion - Pterion - Dacryon - Zygomatic arch - Calvaria - Infratemporal fossa - Stephanion - Pterygomaxillary fissure - Pterygopalatine fossa |
| Foramina of the skull (and canals and fissures) |
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| foramina: cecum - ethmoidal (anterior, posterior) - incisive - jugular - lacerum - magnum - mandibular - mastoid - mental - optic - orbital (infraorbital, supraorbital) - ovale - palatine (greater, lesser) - parietal - rotundum - sphenopalatine - spinosum - stylomastoid - zygomaticofacial - zygomaticotemporal
canals: carotid - condylar - hypoglossal - incisive - pterygoid fissures: orbital (inferior, superior) - petrotympanic external acoustic meatus - internal acoustic meatus - cribriform plate |