Foreign relations of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

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Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

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The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) is a government in exile, meaning it does not effectively control its claimed territory, the former Spanish colony of Western Sahara. The Polisario front, the military wing that controls the SADR, currently claims to administer the area that it calls the Free Zone, the eastern strip of Western Sahara. It conducts diplomatic relations with a number of other states from its headquarters at refugee camps at Tindouf in Algeria.

The SADR is recognized by 45 states (not including 22 states that have canceled their earlier recognitions and 13 that have frozen their relations). For a list of these governments, see below. Several states that do no recognize Sahrawi republic however recognize the Polisario movement as a legitimate representative of the population of the Western Sahara, but not its government-in-exile as a state.

On the other hand, Moroccan sovereignty over the territory is explicitly supported by the Arab League[1],[2]and by 25 states. For a list of these governments, see Foreign relations of Morocco.

India was the only major power to have ever recognized SADR when it allowed the Sahrawi Republic to open a consulate in New Delhi in 1985. However, India withdrew its recognition in 2000.

As with any fluid political situation, diplomatic recognitions of either party's rights are subject to frequent and sometimes unannounced change.

The following is a list of governments of the world that have formally recognized Western Sahara as a sovereign nation, with the exiled Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic as its legitimate government.

After recognizing an independent Western Sahara, some states have since retracted their recognitions. Others have chosen a milder option, to "freeze" recognition pending the outcome of the referendum on self-determination or for other reasons.

This list is based on several sources, and it may be incomplete. Currently, it contains 82 countries, and of these

Diplomatic relations of the SADR
Diplomatic relations of the SADR
  • 45 recognize the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.
  • 12 of these 45 are home to Sahrawi embassies.
  • 13 have "frozen" relations.
  • 22 have cancelled relations.
State Date of recognition Notes
Madagascar February 28, 1976 Froze recognition June 4, 2005
Burundi March 1, 1976 Froze recognition May 5, 2006 33
Algeria March 6, 1976 Embassy.
Angola March 11, 1976 Embassy.
Benin March 11, 1976 Canceled March 21, 1997
Mozambique March 13, 1976 Embassy.
Guinea-Bissau March 15, 1976 Canceled April 2, 1997; re-opened embassy September 26, 2000.
North Korea March 16, 1976
Togo March 17, 1976 Canceled June 1997
Rwanda April 1, 1976
South Yemen (PDRY and PRSY) February 2, 1977 It is unknown whether diplomatic recognition was ever extended by the government of the unified Republic of Yemen.
Seychelles October 25, 1977
Republic of Congo June 3, 1978 Canceled September 13, 1996
São Tomé and Príncipe June 22, 1978 Canceled October 23, 1996
Panama June 23, 1978 Embassy.
Equatorial Guinea November 3, 1978 Canceled May 1980
Tanzania November 9, 1978 Embassy established June 2005.[3]
Ethiopia February 24, 1979 Embassy.[4]
Vietnam March 2, 1979
Cambodia April 10, 1979
Laos May 9, 1979
Afghanistan May 23, 1979 Canceled July 12, 2002
Cape Verde July 4, 1979 Withdrew recognition on 27 July 2007 [5]
Grenada August 20, 1979
Ghana August 24, 1979 Frozen May 2001
Guyana September 1, 1979
Dominica September 1, 1979 Frozen.
St. Lucia September 1, 1979 Canceled March 1989
Jamaica September 4, 1979
Uganda September 6, 1979
Nicaragua September 6, 1979 Frozen July 21, 2000
Mexico September 8, 1979[6] Embassy.[7]
Lesotho October 9, 1979[8][9]
Zambia October 12, 1979
Cuba January 20, 1980 Embassy.[10]
Iran February 27, 1980[11][12]
Sierra Leone March 27, 1980 Frozen c. 2002-2003
Syria April 15, 1980
Libya April 15, 1980[13][14]
Swaziland April 28, 1980 Canceled June 1997
Botswana May 14, 1980
Zimbabwe July 3, 1980[15]
Chad July 4, 1980 Canceled May 9, 1997 (Apparently re-started and then cancelled again March 18, 2006 [16]).
Mali July 4, 1980
Costa Rica October 30, 1980 Frozen April 2000
Vanuatu November 27, 1980 Canceled November 2000
Papua New Guinea August 12, 1981
Tuvalu August 12, 1981 Canceled September 15, 2000
Kiribati August 12, 1981 Canceled September 15, 2000
Nauru August 12, 1981 Canceled September 15, 2000
Solomon Islands August 12, 1981 Canceled January 1989
Mauritius July 1, 1982
Venezuela August 3, 1982 Embassy.
Suriname August 11, 1982
Bolivia December 14, 1982
Ecuador November 14, 1983 Canceled June 19, 2004; reestablished February 8, 2006.[17][18]
Mauritania February 27, 1984[19]
Burkina Faso March 4, 1984 Canceled June 5, 1996
Peru August 16, 1984 Suspended relations, October 1996
Nigeria November 12, 1984 Embassy.[20][21][22]
Yugoslavia November 28, 1984[23] Canceled by Serbia and Montenegro, October 28, 2004.
Colombia February 27, 1985 Frozen December 2000.
Liberia July 31, 1985 Canceled September 1997
India October 1, 1985[24] Canceled June 26, 2000
Guatemala April 10, 1986 Frozen April 1998. In 2002, denied ever recognizing SADR [25].
Dominican Republic June 24, 1986 Frozen on May 23, 2002
Trinidad and Tobago November 1, 1986
Belize November 18, 1986[26]
St. Kitts and Nevis February 25, 1987
Antigua and Barbuda February 27, 1987
Albania December 29, 1987[27] Canceled November 9, 2004
Barbados February 27, 1988
El Salvador July 31, 1989 Canceled April 1997
Honduras November 8, 1989 Frozen January 2000
Namibia May 31, 1990[1]
Malawi November 16, 1994 Canceled June 2001
Paraguay February 9, 2000 Frozen 25 June 2000
St Vincent and the Grenadines February 14, 2002[28]
East Timor May 20, 2002[29] First country to establish relations with East Timor.
South Africa September 15, 2004 Embassy.[30][31]
Kenya June 25, 2005[32] Embassy.[33]
Uruguay December 28, 2005[34][35]

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