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Forex swap
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Forex swap is an over the counter short term interest rate derivative instrument. A Forex swap consists of a spot foreign exchange transaction entered into at exactly the same time and for the same quantity as a forward foreign exchange transaction. The forward portion is the reverse of the spot transaction, where the spot purchase is offset by a forward selling. In this reason, surplus funds in one currency are for a while swapped into another currency for better use of liquidity. Protects against adverse movements in the forex rate, but favourable moves are renounced.
The fixed rate in this transaction is the forward rate that is locked in by the forward contract. The floating rate will be the overnight rate that is realized on a daily basis by the spot transaction. Typically, the floating side of these trades are indexed to the Overnight Index Swap (OIS) rate. This rate is an average of the rates that are paid based on a survey.
It should not be confused with a currency swap, which is a much rarer, long term transaction, governed by a slightly different set of rules.
In emerging money markets, Forex swaps are usually the first derivative instrument to be traded, ahead of Forward rate agreements.
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