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An 0-4-4T Forney type built in 1886 by SLM for Finnish State Railways.

The Forney is a type of tank locomotive patented by Matthias N. Forney between 1861 and 1864. Forney locomotives include the following characteristics:

• An 0-4-4 wheel arrangement, that is four driving wheels followed by a truck with four wheels.
• No flange on the second pair of driving wheels.
• The fuel bunker and water tank placed over the four-wheel truck.

The locomotives were set up to run cab (or bunker) first, effectively as a 4-4-0. The 4-4-0 wheel arrangement, with its three-point suspension, was noted for its good tracking ability, while the flangeless middle wheels allowed the locomotive to round tight curves. Placing the fuel and water over the truck rather than the driving wheels meant the locos had a constant adhesive weight, something other forms of tank locomotive did not.

Large numbers of Forney locos were built for the surface and elevated commuter railroads that were built in cities such as New York, Chicago and Boston. These railroads requred a small, fast locomotive that tracked well and could deal with tight curves. Their short runs meant the limited fuel and water capacity was not a problem, making the Forney ideal. However as these railroads began to electrify or were replaced by subways at the end of the 19th Century, Forneys began to disappear.

Forneys were also popular on the 2 ft (610 mm) gauge railroads of Maine. The use of these locomotives differed in that they were run smoke stack leading, like a conventional locomotve, and all driving wheels were flanged. The latter resulted in Maine narrow gauge railroads having comparatively broad radius curves. Further developments included the introduction of locomotives with a leading pony truck, giving a 2-4-4 wheel arrangement. This was done to improve tracking ability in these locomotives.

Today Forney locomotives can still be seen on Maine Narrow Gauge Railroad Museum.

• Mason Bogie