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Franklin Murphy (January 3, 1846 – February 24, 1920) was an American Republican Party politician, who served as the 31st Governor of New Jersey, from 1902-1904. He was the founder of the Murphy Varnish Company in Newark, New Jersey.

Born in Jersey City, New Jersey, he was attending Newark Academy when the American Civil War started. In July 1862, he enlisted in the Union Army, despite being only 16 years old, and was mustered in as a Private in Company A, 13th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry on July 19, 1862. He rose in rank during his field service, being promoted to corporal on August 25, 1862, to second lieutenant on February 22, 1863, and to first lieutenant on February 24, 1864. His regiment fought in the Battles of Antietam, Chancellorsvile, Gettysburg, the Atlanta Campaign, the "March to the Sea", and Bentonville. He was honorably mustered out of service on June 8, 1865.

Murphy was active in Republican politics. He ran for Governor of New Jersey in 1901, and defeated his Democratic opponent James M. Seymour by a vote of 183,814 to 166,681. His 1902–1905 gubernatorial administration was a kind of Square Deal in miniature, as he implemented many Progressive policies, such as improved child labor laws, the abolition of the fee system that existed in state and county offices, and the establishment of New Jersey's first state primary laws. He was prohibited by the then-current provision of the New Jersey State Constitution from succeeding himself, so he yielded the Governorship at the end of his term to Edward C. Stokes.

From 1883 to 1886 he was a member of the Common Council of Newark and was at one time president of the Council. He was elected to the New Jersey General Assembly in 1885; while in office as parks commissioner he laid out and completed the parks of Essex County; from March 24, 1886 to 1889, he was a trustee for the Reform School for Boys. President McKinley appointed him one of the commissioners to the Paris Universal Exposition in 1900. He held official positions in numerous financial institutions, social, and civic bodies.

There is a life size statue of him in Weequahic Park in Newark.

After leaving office, he remained involved in New Jersey Republican Party affairs for the rest of his life. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention five times, and at the 1908 Republican National Convention, he was a candidate for the vice presidential nomination to serve as running mate to William Howard Taft, that eventually went to New York Representative, James S. Sherman. He chaired the Republican State Committee of New Jersey for twenty years.

He died in Palm Beach, Florida at age 74 and was buried in Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Newark in Section F, Lot 159/160.

• List of Governors of New Jersey

• New Jersey Historical Commission, The Governors of New Jersey 1664-1974: Biographical Essays. Trenton, NJ, The Commission, 1982. Paul A. Stellhorn and Michael J. Birkner, Editors.
• Olsen, Bernard, A Billy Yank Governor: The Life and Times of New Jersey's Franklin Murphy, 2000, Phoenix Publishing, Missoula, Montana.
• Sobel, Robert (Editor), Raimo, John (Editor), Biographical Directory of the Governors of the United States, 1789-1983, Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 0-313-28098-3
• Stryker, William S., Record of Officers and Men of New Jersey in the Civil War. Trenton, NJ: John Murphy, 1876.

• New Jersey State Library biography for Franklin Murphy (PDF)
• New Jersey Governor Franklin Murphy, National Governors Association
• Franklin Murphy on Newark History
• Franklin Murphy at Find-A-Grave

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