Froissart's Chronicles

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Froissart's Chronicle was written in French by Jean Froissart. It covers the years 1322 until 1400 and describes the lead up to and the progress of the first half of the Hundred Years' War. For centuries it has been recognized as the chief expression of the chivalric revival of fourteenth-century England and France.

Froissart first wrote a rhyming chronicle for Philippa of Hainault now lost, but he began Book I of the surviving chronicle in 1369 at the insistence of Robert de Namur and finished it in 1373. Robert was an eye-witness to the events of the Siege of Paris and interviews with witnesses who were at important events supply much of the detail in Froissart's work. Although it seems Froissart never saw battle he did visit Sluys in 1386 to see the preparations for an invasion of England which, in the end, never happened and he attended other significant events such as the baptism of Richard II.

The other important source for the early part of the chronicle was the Vrayes Chroniques of Jean Le Bel, of which Froissart directly copied large parts. Le Bel wrote his chronicle for Jean, Count of Beaumont; and Jean's grandson, Guy II, Count of Blois, continued the tradition by being patron of Book II of Froissart's Chronicle. This was completed in 1388 and is wholly Froissart's work as Le Bel's chronicle ended in 1360. Book III was completed in 1390 and Book IV in 1400.

The execution of Hugh the younger Despenser, A miniature from a manuscript of the Chronicle.
The execution of Hugh the younger Despenser, A miniature from a manuscript of the Chronicle.
Battle of Neville's Cross from a 15th century manuscript (BN MS Fr. 2643).
Battle of Neville's Cross from a 15th century manuscript (BN MS Fr. 2643).
The Jacquerie.
The Jacquerie.

Although of great importance for our understanding of the events in the 14th century Froissart contains numerous errors in dates, geography and often over-estimating the numbers attending, captured or killed in battle. Aside from this there are his obvious biases; usually to whoever his patron may be at the time or people he is living amongst. There is for instance a large amount of information on many minor affairs in Flanders, about which he also wrote a separate chronicle, and being supported by aristocratic patrons meant that he barely mentions common people apart from their uprisings which he viewed with horror. Sir Walter Scott once remarked that Froissart had "marvelous little sympathy" for the "villain churls."

The chronicle is almost three million words long but few complete editions are published as Froissart is often repetitive or covers rather insignificant subjects. His descriptions of battles though are lively and engaging and there is a wealth of information on customs and behaviours of interest to the social historian. Enguerrand de Monstrelet wrote a continuation of the chronicle through to 1440.

The text of Froissart's Chronicles is preserved in more than 100 manuscripts, illustrated by a variety of miniaturists. One of the most lavishly illuminated copies was commissioned by Louis of Gruuthuse, a Flemish nobleman, in the 1470s. The four volumes of this copy (BNF, Fr 2643-6) contain 112 miniatures painted by the best Brugeois artists of the day, among them Loiset Lyédet, to whom the miniatures in the first two volumes are attributed. The illustrations here come from this copy.

Some of the important events recorded in Froissart's Chronicle include:

Book I 1322-1377

Book II 1376-1385

Book III 1386-1388

Book IV 1389-1400

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