Geordie

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- Geordie (IPA: /ˈdʒɔdi/) generally refers to a person from the Tyneside[1] region in northeast England, in particular the city of Newcastle and the adjacent areas, or to the dialect of English spoken by these people.

Contents

When referring to the people, as opposed to the dialect, a definition of a Geordie is "a native or inhabitant of Newcastle upon Tyne, England, or its environs",[2] so this can include North Tyneside (Wallsend, North Shields, Whitley Bay) (Walker), South Tyneside (Jarrow - such as the use in Alan Price's 'Jarrow Song' [3], Hebburn, South Shields, Boldon), Gateshead such as the use in the Blaydon Races song [4],Newcastle such as the use in the Blaydon Races song [5], etc. akin to the way a Cockney is defined as "someone born within hearing distance of the Bow bells." As the Cockney definition has been taken to mean within three miles of the church of St Mary-le-Bow on Cheapside, the Geordie definition, by some, has been taken to mean only Tyneside.[6][7] Another interpretation includes former areas of County Durham and Northumberland, including Ryton, Washington, etc. It must be noted that this particular definition of around the Tyne communities was not always the case, as Geordie has been documented for at least 180 to 240 years as meaning the whole of the North East of England. (As referenced in Camden Hotten, John (1869). The Slang Dictionary, Or Vulgar Words, Street Phrases And Fast Expressions of High and Low Society. John Camden Hotten, 142. ““Geordie, general term in Northumberland and Durham for a pitman, or coal-miner. Origin not known; the term has been in use more than a century."”  [8]. The book was reprinted in 2004 [9]. However in recent times this definition can be offensive to some from the Sunderland region.[10]

In recent times "Geordie," through Sky TV, and modern media, has sometimes been used to refer to a supporter of Newcastle United football club.[11]

Other Northern English dialects include:

A number of rival theories explain how the term came about, though all accept that it derives from a familiar diminutive form of the name "George,"[12] with George (called Geordie, but written George) once being the most popular eldest son's name in families in the north east of England[13].

One explanation is that it was established during the Jacobite Rebellion of 1745. The Jacobites declared that the natives of Newcastle were staunch supporters of the Hanoverian kings, in particular of George II during the 1745 rebellion. This contrasted with rural Northumbria, which largely supported the Jacobite cause. If true, the term may have derived from a popular anti-Hanoverian song ("Cam ye ower frae France?"[14]), which calls the first Hanoverian king "Geordie Whelps", meaning "George the Guelph".

Another explanation for the name is that local miners in the north east of England used "Geordie" safety lamps, designed by George Stephenson[15] in 1815, rather than the "Davy lamps" designed by Humphry Davy which were used in other mining communities.

Using the chronological order of two John Trotter Brockett books:

1. Brockett, John Trotter (1829). A Glossary Of North Country Words In Use With Their Etymology And Affinity To Other Languages And Occasional Notices Of local Customs And Popular Superstitions. E. Charnley, page 131. “GEORDIE, George-a very common name among the pitmen. “How ! Geordie man ! how is’t”” ;

2. Brockett, John T. (1846). A Glossary of North Country Words, page 187. “GEORDIE, George-a very common name among the pitmen. “How ! Geordie man ! how is’t” The Pitmen have given the name of Geordie to Mr George Stephenson’s lamp in contra-distinction of the Davy, or Sir Humphrey Davy’s Lamp.” )

Geordie was given to North East pit men, then Brockett acknowledges the pitmen christened their Stephenson lamp ‘Geordie’[16][17].

Wales[18] also predates the Oxford English Dictionary, she observes that "Geordy" and "Geordie" was a common name given to pit-men in ballads and songs of the region, noting that one such turns up as early as 1793. It occurs in the titles of two songs by song-writer Joe Wilson (1841–1875): Geordy, Haud the Bairn and Keep your Feet Still, Geordie. Citing such examples as the song Geordy Black written by Rowland Harrison of Gateshead, she contends that, as a consequence of popular culture, the miner and the keelman had become icons of the region in the 19th century, and "Geordie" was a label that "affectionately and proudly reflected this", replacing the earlier ballad emblem, the figure of Bob Crankie.

Newcastle publisher Frank Graham's Geordie Dictionary states:

"The origin of the word Geordie has been a matter of much discussion and controversy. All the explanations are fanciful and not a single piece of genuine evidence has ever been produced."

In Graham's many years of research, the earliest record he has found of the terms use was in 1823 by local comedian, Billy Purvis. Purvis had set up a booth at the Newcastle Races on the Town Moor. In an angry tirade against a rival showman, who had hired a young pitman called Tom Johnson to dress as a clown, Billy cried out to the clown:

"Ah man, wee but a feul wad hae sold off his furnitor and left his wife. Noo, yor a fair doon reet feul, not an artificial feul like Billy Purvis! Thous a real Geordie! gan man an hide thysel! gan an' get thy picks agyen. Thou may de for the city, but never for the west end o' wor toon."[19]
(Rough translation: "Oh man, who but a fool would have sold off his furniture and left his wife? Now, you're a fair downright fool, not an artificial fool like Billy Purvis! You're a real Geordie! Go, man, and hide yourself! Go and get your pick (axes) again. You may do for the city, but never for the west end of our town!")

(/ a: mæn wi: but ə feəl wəd he sold ɒf hiz fɜnətʃə ænd lɛft hiz waɪf. nu: jɔrə feɪ: du:n ri:t feəl nɒtən a:təfɪʃəl feəl laɪk bɪli: pɜvəs. ðoʊzə ri:l dʒɔdi: gænən haɪd ðəsəl gænən gɛt ðaɪ pɪks əgʲɛn. ðoʊ meɪ di: fə ðə sɪti: but nɪvə fə ðə wɛst ɛnd ʌwɔ: tu:n/)

Although the dialects of North East of England were often grouped together as Geordie[20]in modern times this is incorrect. However this usage is often confined to people from other parts of the United Kingdom.

People from Sunderland have been termed Mackems in recent generations. However the earliest known recorded use of the term found by the Oxford English Dictionary occurred as late as 1990,[21].

Look up category:Geordie in
Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Geordie also has a large amount of vocabulary not heard elsewhere in England, though some are shared with (or similar to) Scots. Words still in common use today include:

  • alreet (/'a:lri:t/ a variation on alright
  • cannit 'can not'
  • canny for "pleasant" (the Scottish use of canny is often somewhat less flattering), or to mean 'very'. Someone could therefore be 'canny canny'.
  • geet for "very" , also *muckle (used more in Northumberland)
  • hyem for "home"
  • deek for "look at"
  • kets for "sweets/treats"
  • knaa for "to know/know"
  • divint for "don't"/
  • bairn/grandbairn for "child/grandchild"
  • hacky for "dirty"
  • gan for "to go/go"
  • hoy for "to throw"[22]
  • toon for "Town"
  • nettie|bog for "toilet"
  • naa for "no"
  • ayee|yerr for "yes"
  • neb for "nose" (nebby=nosey)
  • banter for "chat/gossip"
  • clart for "mud" as in "there's clarts on yar boots"
  • hadaway for "get away"
  • hinny a term of endearment - "Honey"[23]
  • haad for "hold/ ie keep a hadd/ keep a hold/ had yer gob/ keep quiet/ that polite little notice in the parks aboot keepin' yor dog on a lead ye cud hev Keep A-Hadden Yor Dog[24]
  • divvie for "stupid person"
  • tab for "cigarette"
  • chor "to steal"
  • chiv for "knife"
  • wor for "our", used mainly in the context of wor kid, meaning 'friend' or literally 'our kid'.
  • nowt for "nothing"[25]

Howay or Haway is broadly comparable to the invocation "Come on!" or the French "Allez!" ("Go on!"). Examples of common use include Howay man! or Haway man!, meaning "come on" or "hurry up", Howay the lads! or Haway the lads! as a term of encouragement for a sports team for example, or Ho'way!? (with stress on the second syllable) expressing incredulity or disbelief[26]. The literal opposite of this word is "Haddaway" (go away), which is not as popular as Howay, but has found frequent use in the phrase "Haddaway an' shite" (Tom Hadaway, Figure 5.2 Haddaway an' shite; ’Cursing like sleet blackening the buds, raging at the monk of Jarrow scribbling his morality and judgement into a book.’[27]).

Divvie or divvy seems to come from the Co-op dividend[28], or from the two Davy lamps (the more dangerous explosive Scotch Davy[29] used in 1850, commission disapproved of its use in 1886. (inventor not known, and nicknamed Scotch Davy probably given by miners after the Davy lamp was made perhaps by north east miners who used the Stephenson Lamp[30][31]), and the later better designed Davy designed by Humphrey Davy also called the Divvy[32].) As in a north east miner saying ‘Marra, ye keep way from me if ye usin a divvy.' It seems the word divvie then translated to daft lad/lass. Perhaps coming from the fact you’d be seen as foolish going down a mine with a Scotch Divvy when there are safer lamps out, like the Geordie, or the Davy.

The geordie word netty, meaning a toilet[33] or bathroom came from the Roman slang found on Hadrians Wall which later became gabinetto in Italian.(Such as these articles about the Westoe Netty, the subject of a famous painting from Bob Olley [34][35])

In recent times, the Geordie dialect has featured prominently in the British media. Note however, that although the dialect appears, the dialect is toned down for comprehension of the general (non-Northumbrian) public. Television presenters such as Ant and Dec are now happy to use their natural dialect on air. Marcus Bentley, the commentator on the UK edition of Big Brother, is often perceived by southerners to have a Geordie dialect. However, he grew up in Stockton on Tees. Brendan Foster and Sid Waddell have both worked as television sports commentators.

The dialect was also popularized by the comic magazine Viz, where the dialect itself is often conveyed phonetically by unusual spellings within the comic strips. Viz magazine itself was founded on Tyneside by two local males, Chris Donald and his brother Simon.

The Steve Coogan-helmed BBC comedy I'm Alan Partridge featured a Geordie named Michael (Simon Greenall) as the primary supporting character and de facto best friend of the eponymous hero, despite Partridge's typically snobbish and patronizing demeanor sinking to new lows when referring to Michael (at one point referring to him as 'just the Work Geordie').

Mike Neville and George House (aka Jarge Hoose), presenters of the BBC local news program Look North, in the 1960s and 1970s, not only incorporated Geordie into the show, albeit usually in comedy pieces pointing up the gulf between ordinary Geordies and officials speaking Standard English, but were responsible for a series of recordings, beginning with Larn Yersel' Geordie[36] which attempted, not always seriously, to bring the Geordie dialect to the rest of England.

The mastermind behind Larn Yersel' Geordie was local humorist Scott Dobson[37], who wrote several booklets on the theme in the early 1970s, including History o' the Geordies[38], Advanced Geordie Palaver[39][40], The Geordie Joke Book (with Dick Irwin)[41] and The Little Broon Book (Bringing out The New Little Broon Book in 1990[42]).

The Jocks and the Geordies was a Dandy comic strip running from 1975 to the early 1990s.

In the lyrics of the song "Sailing to Philadelphia" by Mark Knopfler, Jeremiah Dixon describes himself as a "Geordie boy. Jeremiah Dixon, surveyor of the Mason-Dixon line [43]"

Dorphy, real name Dorothy Samuelson-Sandvid, was a noted geordie dialect writer who once wrote for the South Shields Gazette[44][45][46][47][48].

"Camden Hotten, John (1869). The Slang Dictionary, Or Vulgar Words, Street Phrases And Fast Expressions of High and Low Society. John Camden Hotten, 142. ““Geordie, general term in Northumberland and Durham for a pitman, or coal-miner. Origin not known; the term has been in use more than a century."” )

Wales also predates the Oxford English Dictionary[49] and she observes that "Geordy" and "Geordie" was a common name given to pit-men in ballads and songs of the region, noting that one such turns up as early as 1793. It occurs in the titles of two songs by song-writer Joe Wilson (1841–1875): Geordy, Haud the Bairn and Keep your Feet Still, Geordie. Citing such examples as the song Geordy Black written by Rowland Harrison of Gateshead, she contends that, as a consequence of popular culture, the miner and the keelman had become icons of the region in the 19th century, and "Geordie" was a label that "affectionately and proudly reflected this", replacing the earlier ballad emblem, the figure of Bob Crankie.

“Plus Geordieland means Northumberland and Durham” Dobson Tyne 1973

Geordie, a person from Tyneside, Oxford dictionary[50]

BAD-WEATHER GEORDY. A name applied to cockle sellers. "As the season at which cockles are in greatest demand is generally the most stormy in the year - September to March -the sailors' wives at the seaport towns of Northumberland and Durham consider the cry of the cockle man as the harbinger of bad weather, and the sailor, when he hears the cry of 'cockles alive,' in a dark wintry night, concludes that a storm is at hand, and breathes a prayer, backwards, for the soul Of Bad-Weather-Geordy" - S. Oliver, Rambles in Northumberland, 1835.

- *Ant and Dec, television presenters, born Newcastle[51]

- *George Armstrong (1944 - 2000), George "Geordie" Armstrong a footballer for Arsenal, born Hebburn[52][53]

- *Thomas Bewick, born Gateshead, artist/engraver[54]

- * Jack Brymer (1915 - 2003) born South Shields, Eminent classical clarinetist[55][56]

- *Bobby[57] and Jack Charlton[58], brothers, born Ashington, footballers related to Jackie Milburn.

- *Lord Collingwood, Napoleonic Admiral[59][60].

- *Catherine Cookson, (1906 - 1998) born East Jarrow, author of books revolving around the Geordie culture and dialog in the early 20th centuary. Once the best selling author in the world[61]. Had a foundation giving chances to budding north east artists, authors and actors[62].

- *Robert Colls, born South Shields co. author of Geordies Roots of Regionalism, professor of English History[63].

- *Scott Dobson, born Blyth, a North East coal mining ship building town, the mastermind behind Larn Yersel' Geordie[64] also wrote several booklets on the theme in the early 1970s, including History o' the Geordies[65], Advanced Geordie Palaver[66][67], The Geordie Joke Book (with Dick Irwin)[68] and The Little Broon Book (Bringing out The New Little Broon Book in 1990[69]), amongst many others[70][71][72][73][74][75][76].

- * John Erickson (1929 - 2002) born Newcastle, brought up South Shields, Professor of Politics at Edinburgh. NATO adviser[77][78]

- *Alex Glasgow, born Gateshead 1935 singer and songwriter[79]

- *John Simpson Kirkpatrick Born South Shields, (1892 - 1915), Lost son of the Gallipoli campaign in WWI. A dragging campaign is on going to get him his Victoria cross[80][81]

Bill Lancaster born Blaydon, published books on nineteenth and twentieth urban and social history. Teaches modern social history at Northumbria University. [82].

- *John Miles, born Jarrow 23rd April 1949 rock musician, singer, songwriter, once lead guitarist with the Band Geordie, joined in the band by Brian Johnson of AC/DC fame[83].

- *Stanley Mortensen (1921 - 1991), born South Shields, International footballer[84][85]

- *Alan Price, born Fatfield, brought up Jarrow, musician (The Animals, Alan Price Set, Jarrow song[86][87][88] et al)

- *Bobby Robson, born Langley Park, former footballer and England manager[89]

- *George Stephenson, [(1781-1848) [mechanical engineer|engineer]][90][91][92]

- *Kevin Whately, born Newcastle, actor[93]

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  2. ^ http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/geordie?r=75
  3. ^ Jarrow song. Retrieved on 2007-09-27.
  4. ^ Blaydon Races. Retrieved on 2007-09-29.
  5. ^ Blaydon Races. Retrieved on 2007-09-29.
  6. ^ AskOxford.com - a person from Tyneside. Retrieved on 2007-09-01.
  7. ^ http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/geordie?r=75
  8. ^ Camden Hotten, John (1869). The Slang Dictionary, Or Vulgar Words, Street Phrases And Fast Expressions of High and Low Society. John Camden Hotten, 142. ““Geordie, general term in Northumberland and Durham for a pitman, or coal-miner. Origin not known; the term has been in use more than a century."” )
  9. ^ http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1402147619
  10. ^ http://www.sunderlandecho.com/news/Never-call-a-Mackem-a.3384259.jp
  11. ^ http://football.guardian.co.uk/Match_Report/0,,2156856,00.html
  12. ^ AskOxford.com - from the given name George. Retrieved on 2007-09-01.
  13. ^ Brockett, John Trotter (1829). A Glossary Of North Country Words In Use With Their Etymology And AffinityTo Other Languages And Occasional Notices Of local Customs And Popular Superstitions. E. Charnley, page 131. “GEORDIE, George-a very common name among the pitmen. “How ! Geordie man ! how is’t”” 
  14. ^ Recorded by the folk group Steeleye Span on their album Parcel of Rogues, 1973.
  15. ^ Smiles, Samuel (1859). The Life of George Stephenson, Railway Engineer, page 120. “As to the value of the invention of the safety lamp, there could be no doubt; and the colliery owners of Durham and Northumberland, to testify their sense of its importance, determined to present a testimonial to its inventor.” 
  16. ^ Brockett, John Trotter (1829). A Glossary Of North Country Words In Use With Their Etymology And AffinityTo Other Languages And Occasional Notices Of local Customs And Popular Superstitions. E. Charnley, page 131. “GEORDIE, George-a very common name among the pitmen. “How ! Geordie man ! how is’t”” 
  17. ^ Brockett, John T. (1846). A Glossary of North Country Words, page 187. “GEORDIE, George-a very common name among the pitmen. “How ! Geordie man ! how is’t” The Pitmen have given the name of Geordie to Mr George Stephenson’s lamp in contra-distinction of the Davy, or Sir Humphrey Davy’s Lamp.” 
  18. ^ Katie Wales (2006). Northern English: A Cultural and Social History. Cambridge University Press, 134–136. ISBN 0521861071. 
  19. ^ http://www.toonale.co.uk/
  20. ^ Camden Hotten, John (1869). The Slang Dictionary, Or Vulgar Words, Street Phrases And Fast Expressions of High and Low Society. John Camden Hotten, 142. ““Geordie, general term in Northumberland and Durham for a pitman, or coal-miner. Origin not known; the term has been in use more than a century."” )
  21. ^ No mackem until 1990. Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved on 2007-10-22.
  22. ^ Dorphy dialog. Retrieved on 2007-11-04.
  23. ^ Dorphy dialog. Retrieved on 2007-11-04.
  24. ^ Dorphy dialog. Retrieved on 2007-11-04.
  25. ^ Dorphy dialog. Retrieved on 2007-11-04.
  26. ^ Dorphy dialog. Retrieved on 2007-11-04.
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  28. ^ (2003) IMS: Customer Satisfaction: BIP2005 (Integrated Management Systems). BSI Standards, page 10. ISBN 100580414264. “An early example, which may be remembered by older readers was the Co-op dividend or 'divvie'. On paying their bill, shoppers would quote a number recorded ...” 
  29. ^ Henderson, Clarks, NEIMME: Lamps - No. 14. SCOTCH DAVY LAMP., <http://www.mininginstitute.org.uk/lamps/Davy.html>. Retrieved on 2007-12-02
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  31. ^ Henderson, Clarks, NEIMME: Lamps - No. 16. STEPHENSON (GEORDIE) LAMP., <http://www.mininginstitute.org.uk/lamps/Stephenson.html>. Retrieved on 2007-12-02
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  39. ^ Dobson, Scott (Jun 1970), Advanced Geordie Palaver, Frank Graham, ISBN 090040938X, <http://www.amazon.co.uk/Advanced-Geordie-Palaver-beuks/dp/090040938X/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194613631&sr=1-7>
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  59. ^ [[Max Adams|Adams, Max]] (2005). Admiral Collingwood: Nelson's Own Hero (Hardcover). Weidenfeld. ISBN ISBN 029784640X. 
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  62. ^ Vividly real........ Retrieved on 2007-12-11. “In 1989, I received the most bizarre assistance from H.R.H. Catherine Cookson, she was more regal than all of the Windsor’s put together, and cleaner, yes she was very clean. She heard of my plight, liked my begging letter and most of my songs, except for the rock and roll ones, and loaned me the money to record an album”
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  64. ^ Dobson, Scott (Mar 1970), Larn Yersel' Geordie, Frank Graham, ISBN 0900409576, <http://www.amazon.co.uk/Larn-Yersel-Geordie-Scott-Dobson/dp/0900409576/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194615370&sr=1-2>
  65. ^ Dobson, Scott (1 Jun 1970), Histry O' the Geordies, Frank Graham, ISBN 0900409185, <http://www.amazon.co.uk/Histry-O-Geordies-Geordie-beuks/dp/0900409185/ref=sr_1_19?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194614695&sr=1-19>
  66. ^ Dobson, Scott (Jun 1970), Advanced Geordie Palaver, Frank Graham, ISBN 090040938X, <http://www.amazon.co.uk/Advanced-Geordie-Palaver-beuks/dp/090040938X/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194613631&sr=1-7>
  67. ^ Dobson, Scott (April 1993), Advanced Geordie Palaver, Butler Publishing, ISBN 0946928436, <http://www.amazon.co.uk/Advanced-Geordie-Palaver-Scott-Dobson/dp/0946928436/ref=sr_1_8?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194613631&sr=1-8>
  68. ^ Irwin, Dick; Milne, Maurice & Dobson, Scott (1970), The Geordie Joke Book, Graham, ISBN 0900409797
  69. ^ Dobson, Scott (1990), The new little broon book, Bridge Studios, ISBN 1872010601, <http://www.amazon.co.uk/new-little-broon-book/dp/1872010601/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194626340&sr=8-1>
  70. ^ Dobson, Scott (April 1971), Stotty Cake Row, Frank Graham, ISBN 0902833820, <http://www.amazon.co.uk/Stotty-Cake-Row-Geordie-beuks/dp/0902833820/ref=sr_1_14?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194614695&sr=1-14>
  71. ^ Dobson, Scott (Aug 1971), Geordie on the Beer, Frank Graham, ISBN 0902833537, <http://www.amazon.co.uk/Geordie-Beer-Scott-Dobson/dp/0902833537/ref=sr_1_10?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194626429&sr=1-10>
  72. ^ Dobson, Scott (1973), A light hearted guide to Geordieland, Graham, ISBN 0902833898, <http://www.amazon.co.uk/light-hearted-guide-Geordieland/dp/0902833898/ref=sr_1_12?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194626429&sr=1-12>
  73. ^ Dobson, Scott (1974), The Geordie Dictionary, Graham, ISBN 085983042X, <http://www.amazon.co.uk/Geordie-dictionary-Scott-Dobson/dp/085983042X/ref=sr_1_6?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194613143&sr=8-6>
  74. ^ Dobson, Scott (Nov 1978), Geordie Recitations, Songs and Party Pieces, Geordieland P, ISBN 0950353930, <http://www.amazon.co.uk/Geordie-Recitations-Songs-Party-Pieces/dp/0950353930/ref=sr_1_16?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194626081&sr=8-16>
  75. ^ Graham, Frank & Dobson, Scott (1979), The New Geordie Dictionary, F. Graham, ISBN 0859831655, <http://www.amazon.co.uk/New-Geordie-Dictionary-Frank-Graham/dp/0859831655/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194613143&sr=8-4>
  76. ^ Dobson, Scott (1980), Geordie 900, Geordieland Press, ISBN 0950353957, <http://www.amazon.co.uk/Geordie-900-Scott-Dobson/dp/0950353957/ref=sr_1_18?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194614316&sr=1-18>
  77. ^ Dukes, Paul (July 2002). "Paul Dukes looks back at the life and career of Professor John Erickson.". History Today 52 (7): 6-7. Retrieved on 2007-12-11. “A tough Geordie” 
  78. ^ Bellamy, Christopher (2002-02-12), "John Erickson", The Guardian, <http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/humanities/story/0,9850,648967,00.html>
  79. ^ "'Geordie' anthem singer honoured", bbc.co.uk, 2006-02-27. Retrieved on 2007-12-11. 
  80. ^ Not Only A Hero, An Illustrated Life of Simpson, the Man with the Donkey. Retrieved on 2007-11-05.
  81. ^ Not Only A Hero, Tyneside. Retrieved on 2007-11-05. “Jack was a Geordie”
  82. ^ Colls, Robert; Lancaster, Bill & Bryne, David et al. (2005), Geordies Roots of Regionalism, Northumbria University Press, p. 182, ISBN 1904794122, <http://www.amazon.co.uk/Geordies-Roots-Regionalism-Robert-Colls/dp/1904794122/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1196421632&sr=8-1>
  83. ^ Carson, Stephen. John Miles Biography. Retrieved on 2007-12-11. “In the year of Live Aid, John also found time to contribute to the “Geordie Aid” project,”
  84. ^ Stanley Mortensen - Player Profile. Football-England.Com (2005). Retrieved on 2006-12-20.
  85. ^ Stanley Mortensen (2007). Retrieved on 2007-11-05. “Geordie Stan Mortensen”
  86. ^ Jarrow song. Retrieved on 2007-09-27. “"Come on follow this Geordie boy, He'll try and fill your heart with joy We're marching for our freedom now"”
  87. ^ Perry, Matt. "Globalising the Jarrow Crusade: chronology, geography and the making of a myth.: vi) ‘High’ and ‘Low’ Culture": Page 7. Retrieved on 2007-12-11. “In 1974, local lad Alan Price, of The Animals fame, released the ‘Jarrow Song’ as a single, a song that extolled local pride (the chorus begins ‘Oh, come on the Geordie boys’)” 
  88. ^ Price, Alan (2002). Geordie Boy The Anthology - Disc 1. Retrieved on 2007-12-11.
  89. ^ Sir Bobby Robson. Retrieved on 2007-12-11. “It was in September 1999 that the affable Geordie”
  90. ^ "Historic figures", bbc.co.uk. Retrieved on 2007-12-11. 
  91. ^ Davies, Hunter (2004-07-22). George Stephenson: The Remarkable Life of the Founder of the Railway. Sutton Publishing Ltd. “Synopsis: An affectionate but frank portrait of the inspired, self-taught, often testy and pig-headed Geordie...” )
  92. ^ The book: George Stephenson: The Remarkable Life of the Founder of the Railway. Retrieved on 2007-12-11. “Synopsis: An affectionate but frank portrait of the inspired, self-taught, often testy and pig-headed Geordie...”
  93. ^ Kevin Whately ... Geordie star. Retrieved on 2007-12-11.

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