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Sir Gerard Leslie Makins Clauson (1891 – 1974) was an English civil servant, businessman, and Orientalist best known for his studies of the Turkish language.

Clauson attended Eton College, where he was Captain of School, and where, at age 15 or 16, he published a critical edition of a short Pali text, "A New Kammavācā" in the Journal of the Pali Text Society. In 1906, when his father was named Chief Secretary for Cyprus, he taught himself Turkish to complement his school Greek. He studied at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, in classics, receiving his degree in Greats, then became Boden Sanskrit Scholar, 1911; Hall-Houghtman Syriac Prizeman, 1913; and James Mew Arabic Scholar, 1920. During World War I, he fought in the battle of Gallipoli but spent the majority of his effort in signals intelligence concerned with German and Ottoman army codes.

These were the years in which the great Central Asian expeditions of Sven Hedin, Sir Aurel Stein, etc., were unearthing new texts in a variety of languages including Tokharian, Khotanese, and Tumshuqese, and Clauson actively engaged in unraveling their philologies, as well as Chinese Buddhist texts in the Tibetan script.

In 1919 he began work in the British Civil Service, which was to culminate in serving as the Assistant Under-Secretary of State in the Colonial Office, 1940-1951, in which capacity he chaired the International Wheat Conference, 1947, and International Rubber Conference, 1951. After his mandatory retirement at age 60, he switched to a business career and in time served as chairman of Pirelli, 1960-1969.

• An etymological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972.
• Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics, Routledge, 2002 (reprint). ISBN 0415297729.

• C. Edmund Bosworth, "Introduction" to Clausen's Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics