From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Diogenes, painting in oil by Castiglione, Prado

Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione (c. 1609 - 1664), was an Italian Baroque artist, painter, printmaker and draftsman, of the Genoese school. He is best known now for his elaborate engravings, and as the inventor of the printmaking technique of monotyping. He was known as Il Grechetto in Italy and in France as Le Benédette.

Castiglione was born in Genoa. His early training is unclear. He may have studied with Sinibaldo Scorza (1589-1631)^[1]. Wittkower describes him as a passionate student of van Dyck, who arrived in 1621, and Rubens who also stayed in Genoa at this time. He may have trained under the Genoese Bernardo Strozzi, and certainly encountered the work of Domenico Fetti in Mantua. He lived in Rome from 1634-c1645, then returned to Genoa. He was back in Rome in 1647 before moving in 1651 to be court artist in Mantua, where he died.

He painted portraits, historical pieces and landscapes, but chiefly excelled in fairs, markets and rural scenes with animals. Noah's ark and the animals entering the Ark was a favorite subject of his. His paintings are to be found in Rome, Venice, Naples, Florence, and more especially Genoa and Mantua. The Presepio (Nativity of Jesus) in the church of San Luca, Genoa, ranks among his most celebrated paintings, and the Louvre contains eight characteristic examples.

He was a brilliant draftsman and pioneered the development of the oil sketch (often using a mixture of mediums) as a finished work - previously they had been used only for working studies for another finished piece, for example by Rubens. He returned to the same subjects over and over again, but with significantly different compositions each time.

Etching of the Raising of Lazarus c1648

He also executed a number of etchings (see cover of edition of The genius of Castiglione published in 1648).Diogenes searching for a Man is one of the principal of these; others are about religious themes. Some are moralistic stories such as that of the blind leading the blind[1]. The etchings are remarkable for light and shade, and have even earned for Castiglione the name of a second Rembrandt. He was exposed to Rembrandt's etching by 1630. In about 1648 he invented the monotype, the only printmaking technique to be an Italian invention, making over twenty over the succeeding years.

In Mantua, he received his name of Grechetto, from the classic air of his pastorals. His brother Salvatore and his son Francesco excelled in the same subjects; and it is thought that many paintings which are ascribed to Benedetto are only copies after him, or perhaps originals by his son or brother. He also influenced Anton Maria Vassallo (c1640-60)^[2].

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
• Wittkower, Rudolf (1993). Pelican History of Art, Art and Architecture Italy, 1600-1750, 1980, Penguin Books Ltd, 353-355. 
• For a large series of etchings see [2].

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Castiglione, Giovanni Benedetto