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Iraq

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Iraq

Constitution Presidency Council President (Jalal Talabani) Council of Ministers Prime Minister (Nouri al-Maliki) Government from 2006 Council of Representatives of Iraq Speaker (Mahmoud al-Mashhadani) Iraqi High Tribunal (judiciary) Political parties Elections Electoral Commission Legislative: Jan 2005 Dec 2005 Constitutional referendum Governorates Districts Regions Foreign relations Human rights Minority politics Foreign aid

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The federal government of Iraq is defined under the current Constitution as an Islamic^[1] democratic federal parliamentary republic.^[2] The federal government is composed of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, as well as numerous independent commissions.

Contents 1 Legislative branch 1.1 Council of Representatives 1.2 Federation Council 2 Executive branch 2.1 President 2.1.1 Presidency Council 2.2 Council of Ministers 3 Judicial branch 3.1 Higher Juridical Council 3.2 Supreme Court 4 Independent commissions 5 See also 6 References

The legislative branch is composed of the Council of Representatives and the Federation Council.^[3]

Main article: Council of Representatives of Iraq

The Council of Representatives is the main elected body of Iraq. The Constitution defines the "number of members at a ratio of one representative per 100,000 Iraqi persons representing the entire Iraqi people."^[4] The members are elected for terms of 4 years.^[5]

The council elects the President of Iraq; approves the appointment of the members of the Federal Court of Cassation, the Chief Public Prosecutor, and the President of Judicial Oversight Commission on proposal by the Higher Juridical Council; and approves the appointment of the Army Chief of Staff, his assistants and those of the rank of division commanders and above, and the director of the intelligence service, on proposal by the Cabinet.^[6]

Main article: Federation Council of Iraq

The Federation Council is composed of representatives from the regions and the governorates that are not organized in a region. The council is regulated in law by the Council of Representatives.^[7]

The executive branch is composed of the President and the Council of Ministers.^[8]

Main article: President of Iraq

The President of the Republic is the head of state and "safeguards the commitment to the Constitution and the preservation of Iraq's independence, sovereignty, unity, the security of its territories in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution."^[9] The President is elected by the Council of Representatives by a two-thirds majority,^[10] and is limited to two four-year terms.^[11] The President ratifies treaties and laws passed by the Council of Representatives, issues pardons on the recommendation of the Prime Minister, and performs the "duty of the Higher Command of the armed forces for ceremonial and honorary purposes."^[12]

Main article: Presidency Council of Iraq

The Presidency Council is an entity currently operating under the auspices of the "transitional provisions" of the Constitution. According to the Constitution, the Presidency Council functions in the role of the President until one successive term after the Constitution is ratified^[13] and a government is seated.^[14]

Main articles: Prime Minister of Iraq and Council of Ministers of Iraq

The Council of Ministers is composed of the Prime Minister and his cabinet. The President of Iraq names the nominee of the Council of Representatives bloc with the largest number to form the Cabinet.^[15] The Prime Minister is the direct executive authority responsible for the general policy of the State and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. He directs the Council of Ministers, and presides over its meetings and has the right to dismiss the Ministers on the consent of the Council of Representatives.^[16]

The cabinet is responsible for overseeing their respective ministries, proposing laws, preparing the budget, negotiating and signing international agreements and treaties, and appointing undersecretaries, ambassadors, the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces and his assistants, Division Commanders or higher, the Director of the National Intelligence Service, and heads of security institutions.^[17]

The federal judiciary is composed of the Higher Juridical Council, the Supreme Court, the Court of Cassation, the Public Prosecution Department, the Judiciary Oversight Commission, and other federal courts that are regulated by law.^[18]

Main article: Higher Juridical Council of Iraq

The Higher Juridical Council manages and supervises the affairs of the federal judiciary.^[19] It oversees the affairs of the various judicial committees,^[20] nominates the Chief Justice and members of the Court of Cassation, the Chief Public Prosecutor, and the Chief Justice of the Judiciary Oversight Commission, and drafts the budget of the judiciary.^[21]

Main article: Supreme Court of Iraq

The Supreme Court is an independent judicial body that interprets the constitution and determines the constitutionality of laws and regulations. It acts as a final court of appeals, settles disputes amongst or between the federal government and the regions and governorates, municipalities, and local administrations, and settles accusations directed against the President, the Prime Minister and the Ministers. It also ratifies the final results of the general elections for the Council of Representatives.^[22]

The High Commission for Human Rights, the Independent Electoral High Commission, and the Commission on Public Integrity are independent commissions subject to monitoring by the Council of Representatives.^[23] The Central Bank of Iraq, the Board of Supreme Audit, the Communication and Media Commission, and the Endowment Commission are financially and administratively independent institutions.^[24] The Foundation of Martyrs is attached to the Council of Ministers.^[25] The Federal Public Service Council regulates the affairs of the federal public service, including appointment and promotion.^[26]

• Politics of Iraq

1. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 1, Article 2
2. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 1, Article 1
3. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 1, Article 46
4. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 1, Article 47
5. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 1, Article 54
6. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 1, Article 58
7. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 1, Article 62
8. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 2, Article 63
9. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 2, Article 64
10. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 2, Article 67
11. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 2, Article 69
12. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 2, Article 70
13. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 6, Chapter 2, Article 134
14. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 6, Chapter 2, Article 139
15. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 2, Article 73
16. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 2, Article 75
17. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 2, Article 77
18. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 3, Article 86
19. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 3, Article 88
20. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 3, Article 87
21. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 3, Article 88
22. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 3, Article 90
23. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 4, Article 99
24. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 4, Article 100
25. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 4, Article 101
26. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 3, Chapter 4, Article 104