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Between 1905 and 1947, there were various Governors of Karafuto. The administration of Chisima (Kurils) Archipelago was directly managed from Hokkaidō as a north frontier district. The administration of the islands was based on Etorofu (Iturup) Island.

Kuril's defense was entrusted to Kita Chisima and Minami Chisima Fortresess and the Imperial Japanese Army defensive organization along with the Imperial Japanese Navy with command in Sapporo and Nemuro. Some of the commanders in the area in August 1945 included Major General Iwao Zugino, Colonel Zueo Ikeda, Lieutenant-General Fuzai Tsutsumi, Major Zeiji Sato (on Shumushu Island), Colonel Ueda (on Matsuwa island), Major-General Niho (on Uruppu island), and Lieutenant-General Ogawa (on Etorofu island).

Originally, this was a northern district of Hokkaidō, but it was later organized into a separate unit and administered from Toyohara in the Suzuya Plain on the southern part of the island. Karafuto's defense was handled by the Imperial Japanese Army special frontier units of the Karafuto Fortress defensive organization and 88th Division. The last commander of this unit was Lieutenant-General Junichiro Mineki in August 1945. There were also some detachments of the Imperial Japanese Navy in Maoka and Ootomari ports. The governor-general was based at the Kokai-Do Toyohara Government Palace.

• Yonosuke Suzuki - Proconsul in occupied South Sakhalin Area (1905)
• Kiichiro Kumagai (July 28, 1905 - March 31, 1907)
• Yukihiko Konosuke (April 1, 1907 - April 24, 1908)
• Takejiro Tokonami (April 24, 1908 - June 12, 1908)
• Jotaro Hiraoka (June 12, 1908 - June 5, 1914)
• Bunji Okada (June 5, 1914 - October 9, 1916)
• Akira Masaya (October 13, 1916 - April 17, 1919)
• Kinjiro Nagai (April 17, 1919 - June 11, 1924)
• Akira Masaya (Second Period June 11, 1924 - August 5, 1926)
• Katsuzo Toyota (August 5, 1926 - July 27, 1927)
• Koji Kita (July 27, 1927 - July 9, 1929)
• Shinobu Agata (July 9, 1929 - December 17, 1931)
• Masao Kishimoto (December 17, 1931 - July 5, 1932)
• Takeshi Imamura (July 5, 1932 - May 7, 1938)
• Munei Toshikazu (May 7, 1938 - April 9, 1940)
• Masayoshi Ogawa (April 9, 1940 - July 1, 1943)
• Toshio Otsu (July 1, 1943 - November 11, 1947)

After 1945, the Japanese Governorate was succeeded by Soviet occupation under Russian governors.

• Political Division of Karafuto Province(1905-1945)
• Organization of Karafuto Fortress
• Organization of Kita and Minami Fortresses