Grammy Award
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| Grammy Award | |
The Grammy awards are named for the trophy: a small, gilded gramophone statuette. |
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| Awarded for | Outstanding achievements in the record industry |
| Presented by | National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences |
| Country | USA |
| First awarded | 1959 |
| Official website | |
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The Grammy Awards (originally called the Gramophone Awards) are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States for outstanding achievements in the record industry. The current President of the Academy is Neil Portnow. It is one of several major music awards shows held annually in the U.S.; among the others are the American Music Awards, and the Billboard Music Awards. However, the Grammys are considered the highest music honor, the U.S. record industry's equivalent to the Academy Awards (Oscars) for motion pictures. The award show is normally held in February. The 49th Grammy Awards ceremony took place on February 11, 2007 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. In 2008 the 50th Grammy Awards will take place on February 10 again at the Staples Center. Nominations were announced on December 6, 2007.
The awards ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and some of the more prominent Grammy Awards are presented in a widely-viewed televised ceremony. Of the "big three" music awards shows, the Grammys are the highest rated.
As of 2006, the eligibility period for the Grammy Awards begins October 1.
The Grammy Awards are currently broadcast on CBS. Prior to the first live Grammys telecast in 1971 on ABC (CBS bought the rights in 1973 after moving the ceremony to Nashville, Tennessee; the American Music Awards were created for ABC as a result), a series of taped annual specials in the 1960s called The Best on Record were broadcast on NBC.
The awards were held for several years at the Shrine Auditorium, known as the home of the Oscars and its famous red carpet, however due to the increase in categories and attendance it was moved to the Staples Center. Non presenting attendees and nominees must pay to attend the event, however, the fee is traditionally covered by the record label. A separate paid ticket is required to enter the official post party which is in addition to the ticket price. For 2007, tickets started at $750 for members, climbing to $2,500 per person. Anyone attending the official Grammy party pays $250, however attendees receive a gift bag with considerable "swag", which is, in industry parlance, free goods. This can include perfume, gift certificates, jewelry, CDs and more, usually in an event commemorative bag. For 2007 the official Grammy post party swag gift was a Tigi Fashionista Frenzy 5 piece hair care assortment in a custom case with a Grammy award seal.
The record for the most Grammy Awards in a lifetime is held by Sir Georg Solti, a Hungarian-British conductor who conducted the Chicago Symphony Orchestra for twenty-two years. He personally won 31 Grammys and is listed for 38 Grammys (6 went to the engineer and 1 to a soloist); he was nominated an additional 74 times before his death in 1997.
To date, U2 has won more Grammy Awards than any other band for a total of 22 awards. They have won the Grammy Awards for Rock Duo or Group seven times, Album of the Year twice, Record of the Year twice, Song of the Year twice and best Rock Album twice.
Pat Metheny and the Pat Metheny Group have won 17 Grammy Awards in total, including seven consecutive awards for seven consecutive albums. Metheny held the record for Grammy wins in the most different categories as of the 2005 Grammy Awards:
- Best Jazz Fusion Performance (1983, 1984, 1985, 1988, 1990)
- Best Instrumental Composition (1991)
- Best Contemporary Jazz Performance/Album (1993, 1994, 1996, 1999, 2003, 2005)
- Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Individual or Group (1998, 2000)
- Best Rock Instrumental Performance (1999)
- Best Jazz Instrumental Solo (2001)
Session drummer Hal Blaine played on six consecutive records which won Record of the Year:
- 1966 Herb Alpert & the Tijuana Brass - "A Taste of Honey"
- 1967 Frank Sinatra - "Strangers in the Night"
- 1968 5th Dimension - "Up, Up and Away"
- 1969 Simon & Garfunkel - "Mrs. Robinson"
- 1970 5th Dimension - "Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In"
- 1971 Simon & Garfunkel - "Bridge Over Troubled Water"
Stevie Wonder has won more Grammy Awards than any other artist in popular music with a total of 25 awards (including a Grammy Lifetime Acievement Award). He is the only artist to have won Album of the Year awards for three consecutive albums. With fourteen awards for Best Vocals (Pop or R&B), three for Best Producer and three times for Best R&B Song. Click here for details.
Alison Krauss, as a solo artist, collaborator, producer and with Union Station has won 20 Grammy Awards.
Aretha Franklin has won the Best Female R&B Vocal Performance Grammy a record 11 times, 8 of them consecutively.
Christopher Cross is the only artist to receive the "Big Four" (Record of the Year, Album of the Year, Song of the Year, and Best New Artist) in a single ceremony in 1981. Had Norah Jones wrote "Don't Know Why", she would be the second artist to win the "Big Four" Grammy Awards and the only female artist to do so. "Don't Know Why" won "Record Of The Year" and "Song Of The Year" but it was written by Jesse Harris, not Norah Jones. Her album "Come Away With Me" was awarded "Album Of The Year" and she won "Best New Artist".
Béla Fleck has been nominated in more categories than any other musician, namely country, pop, jazz, bluegrass, classical, folk, and spoken word, as well as composition and arranging. Longtime Flecktone Victor Wooten is the only artist to be nominated for a Grammy on an independent record label for his 1997 jazz album Yin & Yang.
LeAnn Rimes is the youngest person to win a Grammy, at 14 years old. In 1997 she was awarded Best New Artist, succeeding former title holder David L Cook, who was 16 when he won. It should also be noted that she was the first Country Artist to win the Best New Artist Grammy.
The most Grammys won by a record producer in one night is five. At the 49th Annual Grammy Awards in 2007 Rick Rubin won Record of the Year, Album of the Year and Best Country Album for the Dixie Chicks. He was awarded best Rock Album for the Red Hot Chili Peppers and he also won Producer of the Year, Non Classical.
The most Grammys won by a Male Artist in one night is eight[1], which has been accomplished by Michael Jackson in 1983 and Carlos Santana in 1999.
The most Grammys won by a Female Artist in one night is five, which has been accomplished by five different artists: Lauryn Hill in 1999, Alicia Keys in 2002, Norah Jones in 2003, Beyonce in 2004 and The Dixie Chicks in 2007. Norah Jones's album "Come Away With Me" won a total of 8 Grammys, five which were attributed to her ("Album Of The Year", "Record Of The Year", "Best New Artist", "Best Female Pop Vocal Performance" and "Best Pop Vocal Album").
- Quincy Jones holds the record for the most Grammy nominations with 79
- Alan Parsons and Joe Satriani are tied for most Grammy nominations without winning, with thirteen.
- Billy Gilman is the youngest person ever to be nominated for a Grammy. In 2001 he was nominated for Best Male Country Vocal Performance, losing out to Johnny Cash. He was 12 years, 273 days old when he earned the nomination.
There are many Grammy Award categories but winning one of the Big Four (officially the "General Field") is the most prestigious win of all. These are the only awards which are not genre restricted:
- Record of the Year is awarded to the performer and the production team of a single song.
- Album of the Year is awarded to the performer and the production team of a full album.
- Song of the Year is awarded to the writer(s)/composer(s) of a single song.
- Lifetime Achievement Award is a Special Merit Award presented to performers (and some non-performers through 1972) who, during their lifetimes, have made creative contributions of outstanding artistic significance to the field of recording.
- Trustees Award is a Special Merit Award presented to individuals who, during their careers in music, have made significant contributions, other than performance (and some performers through 1983), to the field of recording.
- Technical Grammy Award is a Special Merit Award presented to individuals and/or companies who have made contributions of outstanding technical significance to the recording field.
- Grammy Legend Award is a Special Merit Award is presented to individuals or groups for ongoing contributions and influence in the recording field; it was inaugurated in 1990.
- Grammy Hall of Fame Award was established in 1973 to honor recordings of lasting qualitative or historical significance that are at least 25 years old. Winners are selected annually by a special member committee of eminent and knowledgeable professionals from all branches of the recording arts.
These categories are presently awarded, other than the General Field (Big Four) and the special awards listed above.
- Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media (now in the "Film/TV/Media" field)
- Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media (now in the "film/TV/media" field)
- Best Dance Recording (previously in "Pop")
- Best Disco Recording (1980 only)
- Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media (previously in the "composing and arranging" field)
- Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media (previously in the "composing and arranging" field)
Years reflect the year in which the awards were presented, for music released in the previous year.
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| 1959 | 1960 | 1961 | 1962 | 1963 | 1964 | 1965 | 1966 | 1967 | 1968 | 1969 | 1970 | 1971 | 1972 | 1973 | 1974 | 1975 | 1976 | 1977 | 1978 | 1979 | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 |
- 1970-1971: Century Plaza Hotel, Los Angeles
- 1972: Felt Forum (now The Theater at Madison Square Garden), New York City
- 1973: Ryman Auditorium, Nashville
- 1974: George Gershwin Theater, New York City
- 1975-1977: Hollywood Palladium, Los Angeles
- 1978-1980: Shrine Auditorium, Los Angeles
- 1981: Radio City Music Hall, New York City
- 1982-1983: Shrine Auditorium, Los Angeles
- 1984: Radio City Music Hall, New York City
- 1985-1987: Shrine Auditorium, Los Angeles
- 1988-1989: Radio City Music Hall, New York City
- 1990: Shrine Auditorium, Los Angeles
- 1991-1992: Radio City Music Hall, New York City
- 1993: Shrine Auditorium, Los Angeles
- 1994: Radio City Music Hall, New York City
- 1995-1996: Shrine Auditorium, Los Angeles
- 1997: Madison Square Garden, New York City
- 1998: Radio City Music Hall, New York City
- 1999: Shrine Auditorium, Los Angeles
- 2000-2002: Staples Center, Los Angeles
- 2003: Madison Square Garden, New York City
- 2004-present: Staples Center, Los Angeles
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The Grammy Awards have been criticized for being only devoted to mainstream music and for not highlighting alternative/independent groups and artists. This has also lead to the speculation that the Grammy Awards are controlled and manipulated by corporate record labels. There is little evidence to support this, and the Grammy Awards do have categories to honor even non mainstream artists and their works. However, the simple fact is that the majority of NARAS voters are dependent upon corporate controlled record labels for their very survival; thus, it is in their own best interest to cast their vote for whatever acts the corporations deem worthy. Others state that rock, R&B, hip-hop, and pop acts are highlighted more because that is the mainstream, just as disco was highlighted in the 1970s, and rap and hip-hop received more attention in the 1990s when it became mainstream. The Grammy Awards do have more focus on mainstream acts than the American Music Awards, the Billboard Awards, or the MTV Video Music Awards.
Some musical artists have had problems with the nature of the Grammys. The singer of rock band Tool did not attend the Grammy ceremony to receive their award. Lead singer Maynard James Keenan explained his thoughts of the Grammys:
| “ | I think the Grammys are nothing more than some gigantic promotional machine for the music industry. They cater to a low intellect and they feed the masses. They don't honor the arts or the artist for what he created. It's the music business celebrating itself. That's basically what it's all about. | ” |
The Grammy Awards are often criticized for failing to adequately represent the popular sentiment of the public. The Recording Academy and record companies are responsible for entering the works that they deem most deserving. Once a work is entered, reviewing sessions are held by over 150 experts from the recording industry. This is done only to determine whether or not a work is eligible or entered into the proper category. The nomination process requires that members vote only in their fields of expertise. They may nominate in the four general categories (Record of the Year, Album of the Year, Song of the Year and Best New Artist) and in no more than nine out of 31 fields on their ballots. Once the nominations are secured, Recording Academy members may then vote in the four general categories and in no more than eight of the 31 fields. Ballots again are tabulated in secrecy by the major independent accounting firm, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu.[2]
There is much debate about whether or not this sort of nominating process is the result of commercial, political or industry bias. Some conservative critics have argued that major award shows like the Grammy Awards are merely the recording industry's attempt to congratulate their own while advertising their products and ideas through the use of selection bias in the nominating process. The winners, critics argue, would naturally reflect "the social, political and artistic preferences of the nominating and voting members." Other critics, including those within the industry, openly question whether music award shows are relevant in today's digital society.[3] Award shows like the Grammys appear to be relevant as Billboard Magazine regularly shows a spike in an artist or group's album when that act has won a Grammy Award.
Additionally, many have criticised that the Grammys distribute many more awards than necessary, and that a large part of the ceremony is just filler for time.
Trent Reznor (Nine Inch Nails) wrote on his blog December 6, 2007; While the music industry is doing everything they possibly can to go out of business, can we all make sure to rid ourselves of the Grammys, too? Out of touch old men jacking each other off. ENOUGH! Have a nice day (quote: "Trent Reznor")
The 50th GRAMMY award nominations were plaqued with reports of ineligible nominees in the Electronic/Dance category for best album. The GRAMMY awards department are investigating whether the band 'Shiny Toy Guns' album 'We Are Pilots' was eligible for nomination. There is speculation that the band and their record company Universal/Motown conspired to enter the album 'We Are Pilots' for a GRAMMY nomination in order to boost record sales. There is speculation that 'We Are Pilots' was not eligible for GRAMMY nomination due to the release of the album on the Internet prior to October 1, 2006 (the same version that Universal/Motown re-released on October 17, 2006) GRAMMY nominations and awards are for albums released from October 1, 2006 to September 30, 2007 (50th GRAMMY awards)
The long-time running animated show The Simpsons often mocks the Grammy Awards. In the episode "Homer's Barbershop Quartet", Homer Simpson won a Grammy for "Outstanding Soul, Spoken Word, or Barbershop Album of the Year" for his barbershop quartet singing with The B Sharps, but uses it as a tip for roomservice. The hotel worker exclaims "Ooooh, an award statue!" When he recognized the statue, he said, "Aww, it's just a Grammy", and throws it over a balcony. The Grammy is then thrown back up over the balcony by a character off camera yelling, "Hey don't throw your trash down here!" In a later episode, "The Mansion Family", Homer mentions again that he "never won an award that means something" after complaining for not getting any awards and being reminded that he once won a Grammy. he responds with "I mean an award that's worth winning!" A disclaimer then rolls at the bottom of the screen saying that "Mr. Simpson's opinions do not reflect those of the producers, who don't consider the Grammy an award at all".
In the episode "I'm With Cupid", Elton John gives Homer a Grammy, thanking him for the compliment, and Homer mumbles something and throws it away.
- Official site
- Los Angeles Times listing of Grammy awards nominees in all categories: 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004
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| Major ceremonies | American Music Award • Billboard • Grammy • Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction |
| Other ceremonies | ACM • BET • BET Hip Hop • Billboard Latin • CMA • Dove Award • Kids' Choice • Latin Grammy • MTV VMA • NAACP Image • People's Choice • Radio Music • Soul Train • Teen Choice |
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| 1959 | 1960 | 1961 | 1962 | 1963 | 1964 | 1965 | 1966 | 1967 | 1968 | 1969 | 1970 | 1971 | 1972 | 1973 | 1974 | 1975 | 1976 | 1977 | 1978 | 1979 | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 |