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Grandparents are the father or mother of a person's own father or mother, being respectively a grandfather (also colloquially grandpa, grandad, grandpappy, or gramps, among other less common titles) and grandmother (also grandma, grandam, or granny, among other less common titles). Grandparents form an important element (and often one of the closer elements) of the extended family. By virtue of being a grandparent, one is also a parent. Everyone has four genetic grandparents, eight genetic great-grandparents, sixteen genetic great-great-grandparents, etc.

In cases where the parents are unwilling or unable to provide adequate care for their children, grandparents often take on the role of primary caregivers.

In traditional cultures, grandparents often had a direct and clear role in relation to the care and nurture of children. This has tended to be lost with the development of the nuclear family.

One can also be a step-grandparent. A step-grandparent can be your parent's step-parent or your step-parent's parent. A step-parent's step-parent theoretically is not a step-grandparent but is nonetheless called a step-grandparent.

The the various words for grandparents can also be used to refer to any elderly person, especially the terms gramps, granny, grandfather, and grandmother.

Contents 1 Titles 2 Great-grandparents, etc. 3 History of the term 4 Grandparents in non-Western culture 5 External links 6 References

When used as a noun (i.e., "…a grandparent walked by"), grandfather and grandmother are usually used, although grandpa/grandma and granny are often used. When preceded by "my…" (i.e., "…my grandpa walked by"), all forms are common (anywhere from "…my grandfather…" to "…my gramps…"). All forms can be used in plural, but gramps (plural gramps) is rare.

In writing, grandfather and grandmother are most common. In speech, grandpa and grandma are most common. In America at least, grandfather/-mother is very rare when referring to a grandparent in person.

Numerous other infrequent variants exist, such as gramp, grandmom, grandmama, grandpap, etc. Because of the terms' unavoidable familiarity, there are many simplified versions as well, including grampy, granddaddy, grandpappy, etc.

Given that everyone has two sets of grandparents, some confusion arises from calling two people "grandpa" or "grandma", so often the various terms listed above are used for the second set of grandparents. Another common solution is to call one set of grandparents by their first names ("Grandpa George", "Grandma Anne", etc.). In America (where most families are of mixed ethnicity), many families call one set of grandparents by their ethnic names (i.e., Hispanic grandparents might be called "Abuelo" and "Abuela", or Dutch grandparents might be called "Opa" and "Oma").

The parents of a grandparent are called all the same names (grandfather/-mother, grandpa/-ma, granddad/-am, etc.) with the prefix "great-" added. Thus, one's father's father's father is a great-grandfather. The same applies to one's great-grandparent's parents (great-great-grandparents). The only limit to the amount of great-s that can be added is how many people are in one's direct ancestry, a question no one yet knows the answer to. Thus, George W. Overall was Barack Obama's great-great-great-great-grandfather.^[1]

The use of the prefix "grand-" dates from the early 13th century, from Anglo-French graund. The term was used as a translation of Latin magnus.^[2] The prefix "great-" represents a direct translation of magnus.^[3] In Old English, the prefixes ealde- (old) and ieldra- (elder) were used (ealdefæder/-mōdor and ieldrafæder/-mōdor). A great-grandfather was called a þridda fæder (third father), a great-great-grandfather a fēowerða fæder (fourth father), etc.

Please help improve this article or section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. (December 2007)

In traditional East Asian cultures influenced by Confucianism, filial piety is one of the highest moral values. Grandparents usually exercise their authority on family matters, and their descendants should obey them. This kind of structure has eased with the increasing influence of Western culture and the increasing number of nuclear families.

• Foundation For Grandparenting dedicated to raising grandparent consciousness and identity through education, research and networking.
• (USA) National Grandparents Day on the first Sunday after Labor Day.
• Grandparenting support database AARP
• Grandparents Magazine, Free online magazine for grandparents
• Grandparents.com - The First Online Community for Modern Grandparents
• Links to Australian grandparent support groups
• Family therapy for grandparents raising grandchildren in crisis
• Portal for Grandparents in search of indoor and outdoor activities for kids

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