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False-color image of the Grand Omar Mukhtar reservoir project. Water (dark blue) residing in reservoirs appears twice in this image, in the upper right and at the bottom. Vegetation appears red. Cityscape structures such as pavement and buildings appear in gray. Bare ground appears tan or beige.

The Great Manmade River or Great Man-made River (GMR) is a network of pipes that supplies water from the Sahara Desert in Libya from a fossil aquifer. Some sources cite it as the largest engineering project ever undertaken.

According to its website, it is the largest underground network of pipes in the world. It consists of more than 1300 wells, most more than 500 m deep, and supplies 6,500,000 m³ of freshwater per day to the cities of Tripoli, Benghazi, Sirt and elsewhere. Muammar al-Qaddafi has described it as the "eighth wonder of the world".

In 1953, efforts to find oil in southern Libya led to the discovery of huge quantities of fresh water underground. The GMRP was conceived in the late 1960s and work on the project began in 1984. The project's construction was divided into five logically separate phases. The first phase required 85 million m³ of excavation and was inaugurated on August 28, 1991. The second phase (dubbed First water to Tripoli) was inaugurated on September 1, 1996.

The project is owned by the Great Man-made River Authority and funded by the Libyan government. Brown & Root and Price Brothers were responsible for the original design, and the primary contractor for the first phases was Dong Ah and present main contractor is Al Nahr Company Ltd.This company was registered in England as a foreign company FC017848 until July 31 2003.

The total cost of the project is projected at more than 25 billion US dollars. Libya claims to have completed the work to date without the financial support of major countries or loans from world banks. Since 1990, UNESCO has provided training to engineers and technicians involved with the project.

The fossil aquifer from which this water is being supplied is known as the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System. It accumulated during the last ice age and is not currently being replenished.

A large, recently-settled lawsuit arose from the project, between the Libyan government and Brasoil, a subsidiary of the Brazilian national oil company, which was contracted to drill many of the wells in the early stages of the project. Many (hundreds) of the wells in the project collapsed or failed prematurely for unexplained reasons.

Building of the Great Manmade River

• 03 October 1983: The General People's Congress held an extraordinary session to draft the resolutions of the basic people's Congresses, which decided to fund and execute the Great Man-Made River Project.

• 28 August 1984: Muammar al-Qaddafi lays the foundation stone in Sarir area for the commencement of the construction of the Great Man-Made River Project.

• 28 August 1986: Muammar al-Qaddafi inaugurated the Brega plant for the production of the Pre-stressed Concrete Cylinder pipes, which are considered the largest pipes made with pre-stressed steel wire. Sarir plant was also inaugurated on this date.

• 26 August 1989: Muammar al-Qaddafi lays the foundation stone for phase II of the Great Man-Made River Project.

• 11 September 1989 Ajdabiya reservoir.

• 28 September 1989 Grand Omar Muktar reservoir.

• 04 September 1991 Al Gardabiya reservoir.

• 28 August 1996 First Water to Tripoli.

• Center pivot irrigation

• BBC News: Libya's thirst for 'fossil water'
• Project article at Encyclopædia Britannica

• Google Maps GMMR Farms, Google Maps EJH, Google Maps NEJH
• Great Manmade River Project Info
• The Man Made River, Libya
• Photos of the construction
• Great Man-Made River Authority

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