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The term Groovebox was originally used by Roland corporation to refer to their MC-303, but is now in more general use. It refers to a self-contained instrument for the production of live, loop-based electronic music, with a high degree of user control facilitating improvisation.

A groovebox consists of three integrated elements.

• one or more sound sources, such as a drum machine, a synthesizer or a sampler
• a music sequencer
• a control surface, ie a combination of knobs (potentiometer or rotary encoder), sliders and buttons, and display elements (LED and/or LCD)

The integration of these elements into a single system allows the musician to rapidly construct and control a pattern-based sequence, often with multiple instrumental or percussion voices playing simultaneously.

These sequences may also be chained together into a song in a live and immediate way. Provision may be made for sequences and songs to be saved, retrieved from memory, and inserted into the current performance whilst playing.

In some cases, an entire musical performance may be created by a single player with a single groovebox. In other cases, the groovebox is simply one instrument amongst many.

Groovebox style instruments have facilitated many performers, both amateur and professional, who may have previously been unfamiliar with electronic music, to explore the genre. Whilst some in the genre initially derided these instruments (in particular the MC-303) and the opening of the field as leading to a drop in standards, they are now generally accepted as having a legitimate place in the form.

In addition, many performers and bands from outside the electronic community have integrated groovebox instruments into their shows, as a convenient way of incorporating electronic sound into a more traditional format.

The sequencer and control aspects of a groovebox may be used to control an external instrument over MIDI, and the internal voices may similarly be controlled by external equipment.

A groovebox is similar to a music workstation. The general differences are that it will often omit, or include only a simplified keyboard, is designed to be portable, and will usually include more user controls. Whereas a workstation is often targeted towards studio musicians and composers, grooveboxes are designed more to suit the needs of live performers. However, units matching either description are used both on stage and in the studio.

A defining characteristic of a groovebox is the ability for the performer to alter both the sequence and the sound parameters in real time, without interruption of the performance. Units marketed as such, which have failed to implement this feature correctly, or at all, have not been well received.

Grooveboxes may also be compared to drum machines such as the earlier Roland TR series (606, 808, 909 etc), or to their TB-303, and the term has retroactively been applied to such units.

"Groovebox" type instruments include:

• E-mu XL-7 Command Station
• E-mu MP-7 Command Station
• Ensoniq ASR-X
• Korg's Electribe series
• Quasimidi QM-309 Rave-o-lution
• Roland MC-505, MC-909 and SP-808
• Yamaha RS7000