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Gunnera
Gunnera tinctoria at the San Francisco Botanical Garden at Strybing Arboretum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Gunnerales Family: Gunneraceae Meisner Genus: Gunnera L.
Species
See text.

Gunnera is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants, some of them gigantic. The genus is the only member of the family Gunneraceae.

The 40-50 species vary enormously in leaf size. Gunnera manicata, native to the Serra do Mar mountains of southeastern Brazil, is perhaps the largest species, with leaves typically 1.5-2 m (5-6 ft) wide, but exceptionally (as at Narrow-water Park, County Cork, Republic of Ireland in 1903) up to 3.4 m (11 ft) in width, borne on thick, succulent leaf stalks (petioles) up to 2.5 m (8 ft) long. It germinates best in very moist, but not wet, conditions and temperatures of 22 to 29 °C.

Only slightly smaller is G. masafuerae of the Juan Fernandez Islands off the Chilean coast. They can have leaves up to 2.9 m (9 ft 5 inches) in width on stout leaf stalks 1.5 m (5 ft) long and 11 cm (4.5 in) thick according to Skottsberg. On nearby Mas a Fuera, G. peltata frequently has an upright trunk to 5.5 m (18 ft) in height by 25–30 cm (10–12 in) thick, bearing leaves up to 2 m (6 ft 4 inches) wide. G. magnifica of the Colombian Andes bears the largest leaf buds of any plant; up to 60 cm (2 ft) long and 40 cm (16 inches) thick. The succulent leaf stalks are up to 2.7 m (8 ft 10 inches) long. The massive inflorescence of small, reddish flowers is up to 2.3 m (7 ft 6 inches) long and weighs about 13 kg. Other giant Gunnera species are found throughout the Neotropics and Hawaii.

Several small species are found in New Zealand, notably G. albocarpa, with leaves only 1–2 cm long, and also in South America, with G. magellanica having leaves 5–9 cm wide on stalks 8–15 cm long.

Gunnera manicata Devon, England

This genus was named after the Norwegian botanist Johann Ernst Gunnerus.

Selected species

• Gunnera albocarpa
• Gunnera arenaria
• Gunnera densiflora
• Gunnera dentata
• Gunnera flavida
• Gunnera hamiltonii
• Gunnera magellanica
• Gunnera magnifica
• Gunnera manicata
• Gunnera masafuerae
• Gunnera monoica
• Gunnera perpensa
• Gunnera prorepens
• Gunnera tinctoria

The stalks of G. tinctoria (nalcas) are edibles. Their principal use is fresh consumption, but also they are prepared in salads, liquor or marmalade. Leaves of this species are used in the coberture of curanto (a Chilean typical food).

Gunnera perpensa is used as a source of traditional medicine in Southern Africa.

• Gunnera magellanica pictures from Chilebosque
• Global Invasive Species database Gunnera tinctoria
• Medicinal plant details Gunnera perpensa