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Gustave Reese (b. November 29, 1899, New York City - d. September 7, 1977, Berkeley, California) was an American musicologist and teacher. Reese is mainly known for his work on medieval and Renaissance music, particularly with his two publications Music in the Middle Ages (1940) and Music in the Renaissance (1954); these two books remain the standard reference works for these two eras, with complete and precise bibliographical material, allowing for almost every piece of music mentioned to be traced back to a primary source.

Reese was an avid scholar and had interests in many areas outside music, including art, architecture, and literature. He is also remarkable in that he lacked formal musicological training. He studied law at New York University, graduating in 1921. Though he was admitted to the New York State Bar, he opted to re-enroll and pursue a bachelor's of music from NYU, which he received in 1930. In 1927, however, he was already teaching classes at the university in medieval and Renaissance music. He continued teaching there intermittently until 1974, and he became Professor Emeritus in 1973. He also served as a visiting professor at a number of universities, including Harvard, Duke, UCLA, USC, Michigan, Oxford and Juilliard School of Music. He was a founder-member of the American Musicological Society (AMS) from 1934, serving as its first secretary (1934-1946). He became vice-president in 1946 and president of the organization in 1950. He has also held positions in the International Musicological Society(IMS), the Renaissance Society of America, and the Plainsong and Medieval Music Society.

Also active in the music publishing industry, he headed the publication department of G. Schirmer (1940-1945) and was also director of publication at Carl Fischer (1945-1955). Furthermore, he was editor of The Musical Quarterly from 1933 until 1945.

Gustave Reese had a profound impact of generations of music students through his passionate and insightful teaching. He has left a valuable legacy in Music in the Middle Ages and Music in the Renaissance. These two pillars have incited a revival of interest and scholarship in the areas of early music. He is often perceived to have 'raised the bar' of musicological scholarship with his thorough research, intellectual research, and comprehensive bibliographies.

Reese was married to Fine Arts administrator and cookbook author and editor, Carol Truax, from 1974 to 1977.

• Music in the Middle Ages: With an introduction on the music of ancient times. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., Inc., 1940. ISBN 0-393-09750-1
• Music in the Renaissance. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., Inc., 1954. ISBN 0-393-09530-4
• Essays in musicology in honor of Dragan Plamenac on his 70th birthday. Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Press, c1969. ISBN 0-8229-1098-5
• Fourscore Classics of Music Literature. New York, Da Capo Press, 1970. ISBN 0-306-71620-8
• A compendium of musical practice. New York, Dover Publications, 1973. ISBN 0-486-20912-1
• Aspects of Medieval and Renaissance Music. New York, Pendragon Press, 1978 (c1966). ISBN 0-918728-07-X
• The New Grove High Renaissance Masters: Josquin, Palestrina, Lassus, Byrd, Victoria. London, Macmillan, 1984. ISBN 0-333-38237-4; New York, W.W. Norton & Co., Inc., 1984. ISBN 0-393-01689-7

Haar, James: 'Gustave Reese.' Grove Music Online ed L. Macy (Accessed 18 Feb 2007),<http://www.grovemusic.com>. (by subscription) Roesner, Edward H. The Musical Quarterly, vol. 63, no. 4 (Oct 1977). pp.579-581. <http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0027-4631%28197710%2963%3A4%3C579%3AGR%28%3E2.0.CO%3B2-F>.