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H.H. Holmes
Holmes' mugshot, 1895
Birth name:	Herman Webster Mudgett
Alias(es):	Dr. Henry Howard Holmes
Born:	May 16, 1860
Location:	Gilmanton, New Hampshire
Died:	May 7, 1896 (aged 35)
Cause of death:	hanging
Number of victims:	27-230/250 {?}
Country where killings occurred:	U.S.
States where killings occurred:	Chicago, Illinois
Span of killings:	1893 through 1895
Penalty:	Death

Herman Webster Mudgett (May 16, 1860 – May 7, 1896), better known under the alias of "Dr. Henry Howard Holmes", was an American serial killer.

Holmes trapped and murdered possibly hundreds of guests at his Chicago hotel, which he opened for the 1893 World's Fair. He confessed to 27 murders, although only nine have been confirmed.

The case was notorious in its time, and received wide publicity via a series of articles in William Randolph Hearst's newspapers. Interest in Holmes' crimes was revived in 2003 by The Devil in the White City, a best-selling non-fiction book that juxtaposed an account of the planning and staging of the World's Fair with Holmes' story. In 2004, filmmaker John Borowski released the first ever documentary film focusing on the entire life of the torture doctor, entitled H. H. Holmes: America's First Serial Killer and a book entitled The Strange Case of Dr. H.H. Holmes, which contains Holmes' Own Story and The Holmes-Pitezel Case. In addition, Mudgett's story has been told in a biography of his life by Harold Schechter entitled Depraved: The Definitive True Story of H.H. Holmes, Whose Grotesque Crimes Shattered Turn-of-the-Century Chicago.

Contents 1 Biography 1.1 Early life 1.2 Criminal career 1.3 Chicago and the "Murder Castle" 1.4 Later life, arrest, and execution 2 References in popular culture 3 Notes 4 References 5 See also 6 External links

Herman Webster Mudgett was born in Gilmanton, New Hampshire. He was the son of Levi Horton Mudgett and his wife, the former Theodate Page Price. He grew up poor with an alcoholic father, and he was often bullied as a child. He claimed that, as a child, he had been forced by other students to view and touch a human skeleton after they found out about his fear of the local doctor's office. In reality, the bullies initially brought him there to scare him but instead, he was utterly fascinated.

He graduated from the University of Michigan Medical School in 1884. While enrolled, he stole bodies from the school laboratory. Disfiguring the corpses and claiming that the unlucky souls had been accidentally killed, Mudgett collected insurance money from policies that he, personally, took out on each and every one. After graduating, he moved to Chicago to practice pharmacy. He also began to engage in a number of shady businesses, real estate, and promotional deals under the name "H. H. Holmes".

On July 8, 1878, Holmes married Clara A. Lovering of Alton, New Hampshire. On January 28, 1887, he married Myrta Z. Belknap in Minneapolis, Minnesota; he was still married to his first wife at the time, making Holmes a bigamist. He and Belknap had a daughter named Lucy. He filed a petition for divorce from his first wife after marrying his second, but the divorce was never finalized. He married his third wife, Georgiana Yoke, on January 9, 1894. He also had a relationship with Julia Smythe, the wife of Ned Connor, a former employee of his who fled Chicago. Julia would later become one of his victims.

While in Chicago, Holmes came across Dr. E.S. Holton's drugstore. It was located at the corner of Wallace and Sixty-Third in the suburb of Englewood. Holton was suffering from cancer while his wife minded the store. Through his charm, Holmes got a job there and then manipulated her into letting him purchase the store. The agreement was that she could still live in the upstairs apartment even after Holton died. Once Holton died, Holmes murdered Mrs. Holton and told people she was visiting relatives in California. As people started asking more and more when she would be coming back, he elaborated the lie and told them she loved it so much in California that she decided to live there. He then purchased a lot across from the drugstore, where he built his three-story, block-long "Castle" - as it was dubbed by those in the neighborhood.

Holmes opened it as a hotel for the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893, using the rest of the structure for shops he rented. The bottom floor of the Castle contained these shops (one a jeweler, for example), while the upper two floors contained his personal office as well as a maze of over one hundred windowless rooms with doorways that would open to brick walls, oddly angled hallways, stairways to nowhere, doors that could only be opened from the outside, and a host of other strange and labyrinthine constructions.

Over a period of three years, Holmes selected female victims from among his employees (many of whom were required as a condition of employment to take out life insurance policies for which Holmes would pay the premiums but also be the beneficiary), lovers and hotel guests, and would torture and kill them. Some were locked in soundproof bedrooms fitted with gas lines that permitted him to asphyxiate them at any time. Some victims were locked in a huge bank vault near his office; he sat and listened as they screamed, panicked and eventually suffocated. Holmes had repeatedly changed builders during the initial construction of the Castle to ensure that only he fully understood the design of the house he had created, thereby decreasing the chances of any of them reporting it to the police. In addition, according to law at that time, by firing workers every two weeks, he didn't have to pay them. The victims' bodies went by a secret chute to the basement, where some were meticulously dissected, stripped of flesh, crafted into skeleton models, and then sold to medical schools. Holmes also cremated some of the bodies or placed them in lime pits for destruction. Holmes had two giant furnaces as well as pits of acid, bottles of various poisons, and even a stretching rack to create a race of "giants". Because of the connections he gained through medical school, he was able to sell skeletons and organs with little difficulty. Holmes picked one of the most remote rooms in the Castle to perform hundreds of illegal abortions. Many of his patients died because of his abortion procedure, and their corpses were also processed and the skeletons sold.

Following the World's Fair, with creditors closing in, and the economy in a general slump, Holmes left Chicago. He next appeared in Fort Worth, Texas where he had "inherited" some property from a couple of his victims (a pair of sisters - railroad heiresses). There he sought to construct another "castle" along the lines of his Chicago operation. However he soon abandoned this project, finding the law enforcement climate in Texas inhospitable. He continued to move about the United States and Canada, and while it seems likely that he continued to kill, the only bodies discovered which date from this period are those of his close business associate and three of the associate's children. He was arrested in 1895 when police discovered his connection to a life-insurance fraud scheme involving this business associate, Benjamin Pitezel.

Pitezel had agreed to fake his own death so as his wife could collect on the $10,000 policy, which she was to split with Holmes and a shady attorney. Holmes then allegedly killed Pitezel (some have argued that Pitezel, an alcoholic and chronic depressive, might in fact have committed suicide) and manipulating Pitezel's wife and children, split them up into distinct groups which he kept continually on the move from city to city (up into Canada and back down into the United States, eventually ending up in Boston from whence he sought to flee the country) - all the while using various aliases and lying to Mrs. Pitezel concerning her husband's death, claiming that Pitezel was in hiding in South America. Three of the five Pitezel children were killed at various points during the course of this escapade. Ironically, Holmes was finally arrested in Boston (to which he had been traced by the Pinkerton National Detective Agency) by detectives from Philadelphia (the site of the attempted insurance fraud) on an outstanding warrant for horse theft in Texas (a "relic" of his days in Fort Worth) - the authorities had little more than "suspicions" at this point.

After the custodian for the "Castle" informed police that he was never allowed to clean the upper floors, terror seized the local department. Police spent about a month inspecting the building and learning Holmes' efficient methods for committing the murders and disposing of corpses. A fire of mysterious origin consumed the building on August 19, 1895. (The site of the "Castle" is currently occupied by a U. S. Post Office.)

The number of his victims has typically been estimated between 20 to 100, and even as high as 230, based upon missing persons reports of the time (there were, in fact, a great many persons who came to Chicago to see the World's Fair but who, for one reason or another, never returned home); however, the only verified number is 27, although police had commented that some of the bodies in the basement were so badly dismembered and decomposed that it was difficult to tell how many bodies there actually were. Holmes' victims were primarily women, but included some men and children.

Holmes was put on trial for the murder of Pitezel, and later (after conviction) confessed to 27 murders (in Chicago, Indianapolis and Toronto) and six attempted murders. He gave various contradictory accounts of his life, initially claiming innocence, and later that he was possessed by Satan. His facility for lying has made it difficult, if not impossible, for researchers to ascertain any truth on the basis of his statements.

On May 7, 1896, Holmes was hanged in Philadelphia. The evening prior to his execution, Holmes retired at his usual hour, fell asleep easily and awoke refreshed. "I never slept better in my life," he told his cell guard. He ordered and consumed a large breakfast an hour before he was scheduled to be hanged. Until the moment of his death, Holmes remained calm and amiable, showing no signs of fear, anxiety or depression.^[1] According to the The New York Times coverage of the execution, Holmes said to the executioner: "Take your time, old man." Holmes' neck did not snap immediately; he instead died slowly, infrequently twitching over ten minutes before being pronounced dead fifteen minutes after the trap was sprung. ^[2] He requested that he be buried in cement so that no one could ever dig him up and dissect his body - as he had dissected so many others. This request was granted.

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• "Murder Castle", the August 3, 1943 episode of the American radio horror show Lights Out, written by Arch Oboler, is directly inspired by the Holmes murders.
• Robert Bloch's novel American Gothic features a character named "G. Gordon Gregg" whom the author states in an afterword is a fictionalized version of Holmes.
• In the movie Final Destination 3, a station on the subway which kills many of the characters is named after him as "63rd" along with a lot of other well-known assassins.
• The "No Exit" episode (2.6) of the TV series Supernatural features Holmes' murderous ghost still active in the modern era, killing women in an apartment building constructed on the site of his execution.
• Mercedes Lackey, in her fantasy novel Born to Run, makes reference to Holmes when one of her villains uses his story in a snuff pornographic film.
• The Holmes case is mentioned as current news in the Caleb Carr novel "The Alienist".
• Anthony Boucher used the names "H H Holmes" and "Herman W Mudgett" as pseudonyms.
• In the season 2 episode of Gargoyles, "Revelations", protagonist Goliath is trapped within a phony hotel reminiscent of Holmes' hotel in Chicago.
• Fabuel and Le henanff wrote a graphic novel series about him h.h.holmes Part 1: Englewood.
• Cartoonist Rick Geary wrote about Holmes in a volume of his Treasury of Victorian Murder (see below).
• "Mudgett: Monologues by a Mass Murderer" - Computer music composition by American composer Jim Randall, Bell Labs 1964.
• The Divine Invasion, the 1981 novel by American author Philip K. Dick. The character of Linda Fox says she has a pet sheep named Herman W. Mudgett, named for "the greatest mass-murderer in English history".
• "The Evil One", a 2005 horror film set in Chicago's Englewood neighborhood. The movie sees Mudgett/Holmes, portrayed by Arthur Simone, return as a ghost, possessing people, and killing the descendents of those who buried h

• The New York Times; May 8, 1896, Wednesday; Holmes Cool to the End; Under the Noose He Says He Only Killed Two Women. He denies the Murder of Pitezel. Slept Soundly Through His Last Night on Earth and Was Calm on the Scaffold. Priests with him on the Gallows. Prayed with Him Before the Trap Was Sprung. Dead in Fifteen Minutes, but Neck Was Not Broken. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; May 7, 1896; "Murderer Herman Mudgett, alias H.H. Holmes, was hanged this morning in the County Prison for the killing of Benjamin F. Pitezel. The drop fell at 10:12 o'clock, and twenty minutes later he was pronounced dead."

• Borowski, John (Director), H.H. Holmes, America's First Serial Killer (Motion picture documentary), Waterfront Productions, 2004.
  • Borowski, John (2005). in Dimas Estrada (editor): The Strange Case of Dr. H. H. Holmes. ISBN 0-9759185-1-6. 
  • See also the list of many references on the Memorabilia page.
• Adams, Cecil. "Did Dr. Henry Holmes kill 200 people at a bizarre "castle" in 1890s Chicago?", The Straight Dope, 1979-07-06. 
• Eckert, Allan W. (1985). The Scarlet Mansion. Little, Brown & Co. 
• Franke, D. (1975). The Torture Doctor. New York: Avon. 
• Geary, Rick (2004). The Beast of Chicago: The Murderous Career of H. H. Holmes. Nantier, Beall & Minoustchine. 
• Larson, Erik (2003). The Devil in the White City. New York: Vintage Books. 
• Michod, Alec (2004). The White City. New York: St. Martin's Press. 
• Schecter, Harold (1994). Depraved. New York: Pocket Books. 

• 1880 U.S. Census in New Hampshire with the Lovering family
• Dr John Bodkin Adams
• Dr. George Chapman
• Dr Robert George Clements
• Dr Thomas Neill Cream
• Dr Jeffrey MacDonald
• Dr William Palmer
• Dr Marcel Petiot
• Dr Harold Shipman
• Dr Michael Swango

• Barclay & Co. 1890. Holmes, the arch fiend, or: A carnival of crime. The life, trial, confession and execution of H.H. Holmes. Twenty-seven lives sacrificed to this monstrous ogre's insatiable appetite. Cincinnati: Barclay & Co.
• H.H. Holmes: America's First Serial Killer, 2004 film
• A book, The Strange Case of Dr. H.H. Holmes, contains primary source books.
• H.H. Holmes in Irvington, Indiana
• Crime Library Article
• H.H. Holmes- Philadelphia Weekly
• [Partial listing of 13 of Holmes victiums {reference only}]
• [Possible Holmes "Murder Castle" Victium Lucy Burbank {reference only}]

Persondata
NAME	Holmes, H. H.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Mudgett, Herman Webster (birth name)
SHORT DESCRIPTION	serial killer
DATE OF BIRTH	May 16, 1861
PLACE OF BIRTH	Gilmanton, New Hampshire, United States
DATE OF DEATH	May 7, 1896
PLACE OF DEATH	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States