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Halkomelem Halq'eméylem, Hul'qumi'num', Hǝn'q'ǝmin'ǝm'
Spoken in:	Canada, United States
Region:	Southern British Columbia into northern Washington
Total speakers:	200
Language family:	Salishan  Coast Salish   Halkomelem
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	none
ISO 639-2:	sal
ISO 639-3:	hur
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.

Halkomelem (also Halq'eméylem, Hul'qumi'num', and Hǝn'q'ǝmin'ǝm') is a Coast Salishan language of the First Nations around the Fraser River and the southern end of Vancouver Island in British Columbia. Halkomelem is most closely related to Sḵwxwú7mesh snichim (Squamish), Sháshíshálh (Sechelt), and Nowxs'a7aq (Nooksack).

The word "Halkomelem" is an anglicization for a language with three dialects: Halq'eméylem, the dialect spoken by the upriver Stó:lō of the Fraser Valley, Hǝn'q'ǝmin'ǝm', the dialect of the downriver Stó:lō, and Hulq'umín'um', spoken by six separate but closely related First Nations in the Georgia Strait area: the Chemainus, Cowichan, Halalt, Lake Cowichan, Lyackson, and Penelakut.^[1]

In 1977 Brent Galloway of the University of California, Berkeley compiled the first grammar of Upriver (Chilliwack) Halkomelem and developed the now-official Stó:lō orthography. He is currently working on a Halkomelem dictionary.

According to Galloway, some words in Halkomelem "encapsulate the whole knowledge of the culture." The language has a rich oral literature which shows a whole way of looking at the universe that is different from that of English or other European languages.

The Halkomelem language is near extinction largely due to the extensive transportation of First Nations children to residential schools. In 2000, it was estimated that the number of fluent Halkomelem speakers was less than one dozen. Language programs at the Stó:lō Nation, Seabird Island First Nation, and Cowichan First Nation have been developed to save the language. A program aimed at adults at Musqueam is a collaboration between the band and the University of British Columbia First Nations Language Program.

Contents 1 Basic Halq'eméylem words and phrases 2 Phonology 3 Peoples speaking Halkomelem 3.1 Hul'qumi'num (Hul’q’umi’num’: Island dialect) 3.2 Hunquminum (Hǝn̓q̓ǝmin̓ǝm̓: Downriver dialect) 3.3 Halqemeylem (Halq’eméylem: Upriver dialect) 4 See also 5 External links 6 References

English	Halq'eméylem [2]
Hello/Greetings	Kwéleches
How are you?	Lichewx we eyo
I am fine	Tsel we eyo
Thank you	Kw'as hoy
What is your name?	Tewat te' skwix
1	Letse
2	Isa:le
3	Lhi:xw
4	Xe'o:thels
5	Lheq'a:tses
6	T'xem
7	Tho:kws
8	Teqa:tsa
9	Tu:xw
10	O:pel

It tells something about how the phonology of the language contrasts with those English speakers are more likely to be used to to note that, while the word 'language' is derived from a root meaning 'tongue', the names of languages in Hul’q’umi’num are formed by appending '-qun', meaning 'throat'.

The phonology of the Hǝn'q'ǝmin'ǝm' dialect is (based on the charts at LanguageGeek):

	Bilabial	Interdental	Alveolar	Alveolar affricate	Palatal	Lateral	Velar	Labialized Velar	Uvular	Labialized Uvular	Glottal
Stop	p		t	ts	tʃ		k	kʷ	q	qʷ	ʔ
Ejective	pʹ	tθʹ	tʹ	tsʹ		tɬʹ		kʷʹ	qʹ	qʷʹ
Fricative		θ	s		ʃ	ɬ	x	xʷ	χ	χʷ	h
Resonant	m		n		j	l		w
Glottalized Resonant	m̰		n̰		j̰	l̰		w̰

The vowels are /i u e ə a/, with long counterparts /iː uː eː aː/.

• Penelakut First Nation
• Nanoose First Nation
• Somena
• Halalt First Nation
• Lyackson First Nation
• Malahat First Nation
• Snuneymuxw First Nation
• Cowichan Tribes
• Cowichan Lake First Nation
• Quamichan

• Tsawwassen First Nation
• Musqueam First Nation
• Kwantlen First Nation
• Coquitlam First Nation
• Katzie First Nation

• Matsqui First Nation
• Sumas First Nation
• Lakahahmen Lake First Nation
• Scowlitz First Nation
• Skwah First Nation
• Seabird Island First Nation
• Yale First Nation
• Tsakuam First Nation
• Union Bar First Nation
• Chawathil First Nation
• Skawahlook First Nation
• Skwah First Nation
• Ohamil First Nation
• Peters First Nation
• Popkum First Nation
• Cheam First Nation
• Skway First Nation
• Squiala First Nation
• Aitchelitz First Nation
• Kwawkwawapilt First Nation
• Yakweakwioose First Nation
• Skowkale First Nation
• Tzeachten First Nation
• Soowahlie First Nation
• Chehalis First Nation (non-Stó:lō)

• Brent Galloway

• Ethnologue Report for Halkomelem
• First Nations Languages of British Columbia page on Halkomelem
• Language Geek page on Halkomelem
• Status of British Columbia First Nations Languages
• Hul'q'umin'um Talking Dictionary
• Halkomelem Ethnobiology Web Site (SFU)
• Themes, thoughts, and theories on strategic planning for Hul'qumi'num language revitalization

• Carlson, Keith Thor, ed. 2001. A Stó:lō-Coast Salish Historical Atlas. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre.

1. ^ Hul'quim'num Treaty Group
2. ^ Halq'eméylem Language by Helen Carr, Kwantlen First Nation