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Henry Hinchliffe Ainley (21 August 1879 - 31 October 1945) was an English Shakespearean stage and screen actor, ?? Norman Ainley, father of actors Richard and Anthony Ainley, and non-actor Sam Ainley.

He was born in Leeds and brought up in Morley, and baptised at St. George's Parish Church, but moved to London to pursue his career as an actor. ^[1] He made his professional stage debut for F.R. Benson's company of actors and later joined Herbert Beerbohm Tree's company. He found fame in 1902 as Paolo in Paolo and Francesca.

Contents 1 Shakespearean roles 2 Other roles 3 Behind the scenes 4 References 5 External links

Ainley's first stage role was as a messenger in Macbeth. He subsequently appeared as Glo'ster in Henry V at the Lyceum in London and returned to Leeds to play at the Grand Theatre. ^[2] Later roles included Oliver Cromwell, Marcus Antonius in Julius Caesar and Macbeth himself. He played Malvolio (1912) and Leontes under the direction of Granville Barker and portrayed Hamlet several times, including a 1930 production that was chosen for a Royal Command Performance.

John Gielgud, writing in the Sunday Times in 1996, described Ainley's Prospero as "disastrous". ^[3]

Shakespearean screen credits include Henry VIII and As You Like It, a 1936 film which also featured his son Richard and Laurence Olivier.

Ainley played Joseph Quinney in Quinneys' on stage in 1915 and on film in 1919. He appeared in A. A. Milne's The Dover Road opposite Athene Seyler in 1922 and as the Bishop of Chelsea in Bernard Shaw's Getting Married at the Haymarket Theatre. In 1929, he played James Fraser in St. John Ervine's The First Mrs. Fraser, a role he reprised for the film version in 1932. He also starred in stage and radio productions of James Elroy Flecker's Hassan.

In 1921, Ainley became a member of the council of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts and served as its president from 1931 to 1933. ^[4]

Ainley's own theatre company launched the stage career of Robert Eddison.

In 1932, Ainley was part of the effort to save the debt-laden Sadler's Wells theatre. According to a report in The Times dated 15 March 1932, Ainley considered Sadler's Wells stalwart Phelps the "greatest actor of all" and Sir Johnston Forbes-Robertson "the greatest of Hamlets". ^[5]

Fifteen letters in the possession of Laurence Olivier's widow suggest that Ainley may have had a sexual relationship with the younger actor in the late 1930s. The letters - said by Olivier's biographer Terry Coleman to be explicitly homosexual in content - suggest that Ainley was infatuated with Olivier, even if, as some members of Olivier's family insist, notably the actor's son Tarquin Olivier, the feeling was not reciprocated. ^[6][7]

Ainley was married and divorced twice. He died in London and is buried in Kensal Green Cemetery, London. ^[8]

• Henry Ainley. Retrieved on September 8, 2005.
• Collectors' Post biography. Retrieved on September 13, 2005.
• (1961) Concise Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. 

1. ^ Barraclough, Ronnie; David Reekie. Morley entertainers. Dubai: Zodiac Publishing. ISBN 1-904566-00-6. 
2. ^ Discovering Leeds - The Theatres. Retrieved on September 14, 2005.
3. ^ Gielgud, John. "Their exits, and their entrances", The Sunday Times, 1996-03-17.
4. ^ PDF of RADA personnel. Retrieved on October 24, 2005.
5. ^ "Fate of Sadler's Wells", The Times, 2002-03-15.
6. ^ Hastings, Chris. "Olivier family banned Kenneth Branagh from memorial service", Sunday Telegraph, 2005-08-14.
7. ^ Grimes, William. "Ruthlessly practical, undeniably brilliant", New York Times, 2005-11-23, p. 12. Retrieved on March 27, 2006.
8. ^ Find A Grave. Retrieved on September 8, 2006.

• Henry Ainley at the Internet Movie Database
• Henry Hinchliffe Ainley (1879-1945), Actor from the National Portrait Gallery (United Kingdom)