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Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. | |
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| In office January 3, 1937–February 3, 1944 January 3, 1947–January 3, 1953 |
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| Preceded by | Marcus A. Coolidge David I. Walsh |
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| Succeeded by | C. Sinclair Weeks John F. Kennedy |
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| In office 1953 – 1960 |
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| President | Dwight Eisenhower |
| Preceded by | Warren R. Austin |
| Succeeded by | James J. Wadsworth |
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| Born | July 5, 1902 Nahant, Massachusetts |
| Died | February 27, 1985 (aged 82) Beverly, Massachusetts |
| Political party | Republican |
Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. (July 5, 1902 – February 27, 1985) was a United States Senator from Massachusetts, a U.S. ambassador, and a candidate for Vice President of the United States.
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Lodge was born in Nahant, Massachusetts, the son of George Cabot Lodge and Mathilda Elizabeth Frelinghuysen (Davis) Lodge. He was the grandson of Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, the great-great-great-grandson of George Cabot, and the nephew of Augustus Peabody Gardner.[1] After graduating from Harvard University cum laude in 1924, and working in the newspaper business, he was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1931.
Elected to the Senate as a Republican in 1936, he served until 1944, when he resigned to go on active service in the army in World War II, the first senator to do so since the Civil War.
He served with distinction, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel, and was elected once again to the Senate in 1946, as the Republicans captured both houses of Congress.
In late 1951, Lodge began to court General Dwight D. Eisenhower to run for the Republican presidential nomination. When Eisenhower finally consented, Lodge served as his campaign manager, even though this meant he had little time to campaign for his own reelection to the Senate that November against an ambitious young Congressman, John F. Kennedy. That fall, he was defeated in his bid for reelection by Kennedy.
In 1953, he was named U.S. ambassador to the United Nations by President Eisenhower, with his office elevated to Cabinet level rank. In contrast to his grandfather (who had been a principal opponent of the UN's predecessor, the League of Nations), Lodge was supportive of the UN as an institution for promoting peace. As he famously said about it, "This organization is created to prevent you from going to hell. It isn't created to take you to heaven."[2] Since that time, no one has even approached his record of seven years as ambassador to the UN.
Lodge left the ambassadorship during the election of 1960 to run for Vice President on the Republican ticket headed by Richard M. Nixon. The duo lost the election to Lodge's old foe, Kennedy, in a razor-thin vote. Some conservative Republicans charged that Lodge had cost the ticket votes, particularly in the South, by his pledge (made without Nixon's approval) that the Nixon cabinet would name at least one African-American to a secretary's post.
Between 1961 and 1962 he was director of the Atlantic Institute.
Kennedy appointed Lodge to the position of Ambassador to South Vietnam, which he held from 1963 to 1964. The new ambassador quickly determined that Ngo Dinh Diem, President of the Republic of Vietnam, was both inept and corrupt, and that South Vietnam was headed for disaster unless Diem either reformed his administration or was replaced. During that time, Lodge quietly spearheaded a coup by South Vietnamese military officers to overthrow Diem, in a scheme code-named Operation Bravo Two. Yet, at the same time, Lodge offered the Vietnamese President and his brother asylum in the United States in fear of their lives. But Diem was assassinated by conspirators before he could accept Lodge's offer. By most accounts, Lodge was unaware in advance that the coup leaders intended to murder Diem, believing instead that they would exile him.
But while the coup toppled the Diem regime, it sparked a rapid succession of leaders in Vietnam, each unable to rally and unify their people, and each in turn overthrown by someone new. As the situation in the region deteriorated, Lodge suggested to the State Department that South Vietnam be made to relinquish its independence, and it be made a protectorate of the United States so as to bring governmental stability. The alternatives, he warned, were either increased military involvement by the U.S., or else total abandonment of South Vietnam by America.
In 1964, Lodge was the surprise write-in victor of the Republican New Hampshire primary, defeating declared candidates Barry Goldwater and Nelson Rockefeller. His entire campaign was organized by a small band of political amateurs working independently of the ambassador, and Lodge, believing they had little hope of winning him any delegates, did nothing to aid their efforts. But when they scored the New Hampshire upset, Lodge, along with the press and Republican Party leaders, suddenly began to seriously consider his candidacy. Many observers remarked on the situation's similarity to 1952, when Eisenhower had unexpectedly defeated the late Senator Robert A. Taft, then leader of the Republican Party's conservative faction. However, Lodge (who refused to become an open candidate) did not fare as well in later primaries, and Goldwater ultimately won the nomination.
He was re-appointed ambassador to South Vietnam by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1965, and served thereafter as Ambassador at Large (1967-1968) and Ambassador to West Germany (1968-1969). In 1969, he was appointed by President Richard Nixon to serve as head of the American team at the Paris peace negotiations, and he served as Special Envoy to the Vatican from 1970 to 1977.
Lodge married Emily Sears (born 1905) in 1926. They had two sons, George Cabot Lodge, who was born in 1927 and Henry Sears Lodge, born in 1930.[3]
On his passing in 1985, Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. was interred in the Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- Henry Cabot Lodge was his grandfather
- George Cabot was a great-great-great grandfather
- John Davis was a great-great grandfather
- Elijah Hunt Mills was a great-great grandfather
- John Davis Lodge was a brother
- Augustus P. Gardner was an uncle
- William Lederer who co-authored The Ugly American
- Henry Cabot Lodge, his grandfather
- List of U.S. political appointments that crossed party lines
| United States Senate | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Marcus A. Coolidge |
Senator from Massachusetts (Class 2) 1937 – 1944 Served alongside: David I. Walsh |
Succeeded by Sinclair Weeks |
| Preceded by David I. Walsh |
Senator from Massachusetts (Class 1) 1947 – 1953 Served alongside: Leverett Saltonstall |
Succeeded by John F. Kennedy |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by Richard M. Nixon |
Republican Party Vice Presidential nominee 1960 |
Succeeded by William E. Miller |
| Diplomatic posts | ||
| Preceded by Warren R. Austin |
U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations 1953 – 1960 |
Succeeded by James J. Wadsworth |
| Preceded by Frederick E. Nolting, Jr. |
U.S. Ambassador to South Vietnam 1963 – 1964 |
Succeeded by Maxwell D. Taylor |
| Preceded by Maxwell D. Taylor |
U.S. Ambassador to South Vietnam 1965 – 1967 |
Succeeded by Ellsworth Bunker |
| Preceded by George C. McGhee |
U.S. Ambassador to West Germany 1968 – 1969 |
Succeeded by Kenneth Rush |
| Awards | ||
| Preceded by John Foster Dulles |
Sylvanus Thayer Award recipient 1960 |
Succeeded by Dwight D. Eisenhower |
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| Class 1: Dalton • Cabot • Goodhue • Mason • Adams • Lloyd • Gore • Ashmun • Mellen • Mills • Webster • Choate • Webster • Winthrop • Rantoul • Sumner • Washburn • Dawes • Lodge, Sr. • Butler • Walsh • Lodge, Jr. • J. Kennedy • Smith • E. Kennedy Class 2: Strong • Sedgwick • Dexter • Foster • Pickering • Varnum • Otis • Lloyd • Silsbee • Davis • Bates • Davis • Everett • Rockwell • Wilson • Boutwell • Hoar • Crane • J. Weeks • Walsh • Gillett • Coolidge • Lodge, Jr. • S. Weeks • Saltonstall • Brooke • Tsongas • Kerry |
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| Stettinius • Austin • Lodge • Wadsworth • Stevenson • Goldberg • Ball • Wiggins • Yost • Bush • Scali • Moynihan • Scranton • Young • McHenry • Kirkpatrick • Walters • Pickering • Perkins • Albright • Richardson • Holbrooke • Negroponte • Danforth • Bolton • Khalilzad |  →  |