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Henry Herbert, print after Gainsborough

Henry Herbert, 10th Earl of Pembroke and 7th Earl of Montgomery (3rd July 1734 – 26th January 1794) was the son of the sixth earl, and was named after his father.

He was educated at Eton College, and was styled Lord Herbert until he succeeded to his earldoms in 1750. He then became Lieutenant-General in the Army, with the Colonelcy of the 1st Regiment of Dragoons, coming to be an authority on breaking cavalry horses (in 1755 building an indoor Riding School at Wilton House and commissioning 55 paintings of military riding exercises which now hang in the Large Smoking Room, Wilton).

On 23rd March 1756 he married the 19 year-old Lady Elizabeth Spencer, daughter of Charles Spencer and Elizabeth Trevor (born Jan-Mar 1737). They had the following issue:

• George Augustus Herbert, 11th Earl of Pembroke, 8th Earl of Montgomery, born 10th Sept 1759 (NOT 20th), Whitehall, London, possibly named after his uncle George Spencer, 4th Duke of Marlborough, who had just succeeded 1758.
• Charlotte Herbert, born 14th July 1773, died from consumption, 21st Apr 1784, age 10 yrs.

He bought 40 Queen Anne St, Marylebone (near Oxford Street), London, using "it as a London town-house only during the Season". This must have been before 1760, since early that year he was despatched with his regiment to Germany to take part in the Seven Years' War as Major-General in command of the Cavalry Brigade in Germany until the following year. In 1761 he wrote the British Army's manual on riding, Military Equitation: or A Method of Breaking Horses, and Teaching Soldiers to Ride - this had already reached a 4th edition by 1793, and his methods were adopted throughout the British cavalry.

He returned to England in January 1762, immediately meeting Kitty Hunter, leaving a note for his wife, disguising himself as a sailor and eloping to the Low Countries with Kitty. Horace Walpole commented that "As Pembroke a horseman by most is accounted, /'Tis not strange that his Lordship a [Kitty] Hunter has mounted." Henry was however soon recalled to the Army in Germany, with the pregnant Kitty returning to England and on 23 November 1762 giving birth to their child Augustus Retnuh Reebkomp (later Montgomery - baptised on 25th, with a middle name as Hunter backwards and his surname an anagram of Pembroke). Henry returned to England February the following year and was reconciled to his wife that March.

Henry had another affair on the Continent, in Venice in 1768, apparently carrying the lady off on the very night of her wedding to someone else. She gave birth to their illegitimate child Caroline Medkaff that year or the next.

Henry was appointed a Lord of the Bedchamber to George III in 1769, and advanced to the rank of General in 1782. He died at Wilton at 59.

• 40 Queen Anne St, London W1G 9EL, is now offices of Lewis Golden and Co.
• Captain Cook's famous ship, the HMS Endeavour, was formerly MS Earl of Pembroke, launched 1765 and so named after this earl.

• Humphrys family tree
• Kitty Hunter
• Images of Kitty Hunter
• Henry, Elizabeth and George: Letters and Diaries of Henry, 10th Earl of Pembroke and his Circle (1734-80), 16th Earl, 1939, repub as: The Pembroke Papers vol. I (1734-80), 1942-50.
• The Pembroke Papers vol. II (1780-94), 16th Earl, 1950, [EUL] 9(42073) Pem.