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Henry of Portugal
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- For the Count of Portugal see: Henry, Count of Portugal; for the Prince see Henry the Navigator
| Cardinal Henry | |
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| King of Portugal and the Algarve of either side of the sea in Africa |
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| 17th century painting of Cardinal-King Henry. | |
| Reign | August 4, 1578—January 31, 1580 |
| Full name | Henrique of Portugal |
| Titles | Archbishop of Évora (1533–1540; 1575–1578) Grand Inquisitor-General (1539–1580) Archbishop of Évora (1540–1564) Cardinal (1546–1580) Regent of the Kingdom (1562–1568) Archbishop of Lisbon (1564–1570) Lord of Guinea (1578–1580) Lord of the Conquest, Navigation and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia and India (1578–1580) |
| Born | January 31, 1512 |
 Lisbon, Kingdom of Portugal |
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| Died | January 31, 1580 |
 Almeirim, Kingdom of Portugal |
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| Buried | Jerónimos Monastery, Lisbon, District of Lisbon, Portugal |
| Predecessor | Sebastian of Portugal |
| Successor | António, Prior of Crato (disputed) Philip I of Portugal (Philip II of Spain) |
| Consort | not married |
| Royal House | House of Avis (Avis-Beja branch) |
| Dynasty | Dynasty of Avis (Joanine Dynasty) |
| Father | Manuel I of Portugal |
| Mother | Maria of Aragon |
Henry, Cardinal-King of Portugal or Henrique (in Portuguese, pronounced [ẽˈʁik(ɨ)]) the Chaste (Portuguese o Casto) (Lisbon, January 31, 1512 — Almeirim, January 31, 1580) was the seventeenth King of Portugal and Algarves. He ruled between 1578 and 1580.
Henry was the younger brother of King John III and, as a younger son, he was not expected to succeed to the Portuguese throne. Early in his life, Henry took Holy Orders to promote Portuguese interests within the Catholic Church, then dominated by Spain. He rose fast through the Church hierarchy, becoming in quick succession Archbishop of Braga, Archbishop of Evora and Grand Inquisitor before receiving a Cardinal's hat, receiving the Titulus Ss. Quattuor Coronatorum. Henry, more than anyone, endeavoured to bring the Jesuits to Portugal and employed them in the colonial empire.
He served as regent for his grand-nephew, Sebastião, after 1557, and then succeeded him as king after the disastrous Battle of Alcácer-Quibir in 1578. Henry renounced his clerical offices and sought to take a bride for the continuation of the Avis dynasty, but Pope Gregory XIII, affiliated with the Habsburgs did not release him from his vows. The Cardinal-King died without having appointed a Council of Regency to choose a successor. One of the closest dynastic claimants was King Philip II of Spain who, in November 1580, sent the Duke of Alba to claim Portugal by force. Lisbon soon fell, and Philip was elected King of Portugal on condition that the kingdom and its overseas territories would not become Spanish provinces. See struggle for the throne of Portugal.
| Henry of Portugal | Father: Manuel I of Portugal |
Father's father: Infante Fernando, Duke of Viseu |
Father's father's father: Edward of Portugal |
| Father's father's mother: Leonor of Aragon |
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| Father's mother: Beatrice of Portugal |
Father's mother's father: Infante João of Portugal |
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| Father's mother's mother: Isabel of Braganza |
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| Mother: Maria of Aragon |
Mother's father: Ferdinand II of Aragon |
Mother's father's father: John II of Aragon |
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| Mother's father's mother: Juana Enriquez |
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| Mother's mother: Isabella of Castile |
Mother's mother's father: John II of Castile |
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| Mother's mother's mother: Infanta Isabel of Portugal |
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Henry of Portugal
Cadet branch of the House of Aviz
Born: 31 January 1512 Died: 31 January 1580 |
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| Regnal titles | ||
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| Preceded by Sebastian |
King of Portugal and the Algarves 1578 – 1580 |
Succeeded by Philip I Disputed with: Anthony, Prior of Crato and Catarina, Duchess of Braganza |
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| House of Burgundy | Afonso I • Sancho I • Afonso II • Sancho II • Afonso III • Denis • Afonso IV • Peter I • Ferdinand I • Beatrice (disputed) |
| House of Aviz | John I • Edward • Afonso V • John II • Manuel I • John III • Sebastian • Henry • Anthony (disputed) |
| House of Habsburg | Philip I • Philip II • Philip III |
| House of Braganza | John IV • Afonso VI • Peter II • John V • Joseph I • Maria I with Peter III • John VI • Pedro IV • Miguel I • Maria II with Ferdinand II • Pedro V • Luís I • Carlos I • Manuel II |