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Taxation in the United Kingdom
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Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs (HMRC) is a non-ministerial department of the British Government primarily responsible for the collection of taxes, some forms of state support, some aspects of UK frontier protection and import controls.

HMRC was formed by a merger of the Inland Revenue and Her Majesty's Customs and Excise and came into formal existence on 18 April 2005.

Contents 1 Departmental responsibilities 2 Governance structure 2.1 Chairmen of HMRC 3 Merger 4 Efficiency gains and job cuts 5 Child benefit records' scandal 6 See also 7 References 8 External links

The department is responsible for the administration and collection of direct taxes including income tax and corporation tax, capital taxes such as capital gains tax and inheritance tax, indirect taxes (including value added tax), excise duties and stamp duty land tax, and environmental taxes such as air passenger duty and the climate change levy. HMRC is also the primary agency responsible for import and export controls for goods and services and for protection of the UK's borders against import or export of illicit materials such as drugs or counterfeit goods. Other aspects of the department's responsibilities include National Insurance contributions (work that is mainly carried out at the Benton Park View site in Newcastle upon Tyne), the distribution of child benefit and some other forms of state support including the Child Trust Fund, payments of Tax Credits, enforcement of the national minimum wage and collection and publication of the trade-in-goods statistics [1].

HMRC has three targets for the period 2005-2008:

• to improve the extent to which individuals and businesses pay the amount of tax due and receive the credits and payments to which they are entitled
• to improve customer experience, support business and reduce the compliance burden
• to strengthen frontier protection against threats to the security, social and economic integrity and environment of the United Kingdom in a way that balances the need to maintain the UK as a competitive location in which to do business

HMRC collected £404 billion for The Treasury in 2005/06.^[1]

HMRC is governed by a board comprising an executive chairman and eight other executive members drawn from the former Inland Revenue, HM Customs & Excise and from external organisations. The board also contains five non-executive directors.

The Treasury Minister with oversight of HMRC is the Financial Secretary to the Treasury, Jane Kennedy MP. Until 28 June 2007 it was the responsibility of the Paymaster General.

• Sir David Varney 2005-2007
• Paul Gray 2007-2007
• David Hartnett (acting) 2007-

The merger of the Inland Revenue and HM Customs & Excise was announced by Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown in the Budget on 17 March 2004. The name for the new department and its first executive chairman, David Varney, were announced on 9 May 2004. Varney joined the nascent department in September 2004, and staff started moving from Somerset House and New Kings Beam House into HMRC's new headquarters building at 100 Parliament Street in Whitehall on 21 November 2004.

The planned new department was announced formally in the Queen's Speech of 2004 and a bill, the Commissioners for Revenue and Customs Bill, was introduced into the House of Commons on 24 September 2004, and received Royal Assent as the Commissioners for Revenue and Customs Act 2005 on 7 April 2005. The Act also creates a Revenue and Customs Prosecutions Office (RCPO) responsible for the prosecution of all Revenue and Customs cases.

The old Inland Revenue and Customs & Excise departments had very different historical bases, internal cultures and legal powers. The merger was described by the Financial Times on 9 July 2004, as "mating the C&E terrier with the IR retriever".^[2] For an interim period officers of HMRC are empowered to use existing Inland Revenue powers in relation to matters within the remit of the old Inland Revenue (such as income tax, stamp duty and tax credits) and existing Customs powers in relation to matters within the remit of the old Customs & Excise (such as value added tax and excise duties). However, a major review of the powers required by HMRC was announced at the time of the 2004 Pre-Budget Report on 9 December 2004, covering the suitability of existing powers, new powers that might be required, and consolidating the existing compliance regimes for surcharges, interest, penalties and appeal, which may lead to a single, consolidated enforcement regime for all UK taxes, and a consultation document was published after the 2005 Budget on 24 March 2005.

As part of the Spending Review on 12 July 2004, Gordon Brown estimated that 12,500 jobs will be lost as result of the merger by March 2008 around 14% of the combined headcount of Customs (around 23,000) and Inland Revenue (around 68,000). In addition, 2,500 staff will be redeployed to "front-line" activities. Estimates suggest this may save around £300 million in staff costs, out of a total annual budget of £4 billion. There are indications that, after March 2008, a further 12,500 jobs may also be cut.

The total number of job losses includes policy functions within the Inland Revenue and Customs which have moved into the Treasury, so that the Treasury becomes responsible for "strategy and tax policy development" and HMRC handles "policy maintenance". In addition, certain investigatory functions have moved to the new Serious Organised Crime Agency, as well as prosecutions moving to the new Revenue and Customs Prosecution Office.

A further programme of job cuts and office closures was announced on 16 November 2006.[2][3] Whilst some of the offices closed will be in bigger cities where other offices already exist, many will be in local, rural areas, where there is no other HMRC presence. The numbers of job reductions and office closures has not been officially announced, but the proposals imply that up to 200 offices will close and a further 12,500 jobs will be lost from 2008 to 2011.[4] [5]

HMRC maintains however that despite these changes, the level of service to its customers will actually increase by implementation of "lean" processes designed to improve efficiency, introducing better technology, better use of its offices and a much stronger focus on the needs of the "customer" - taxpayers, benefit claimants and other members of the public who use HMRC's services.

Main article: 2007 UK Child Benefit data scandal

On the 20 November 2007 the Chancellor of the Exchequer announced that two discs which held the personal details of all families in the United Kingdom claiming child benefit had gone missing.Cite error: Invalid tag; name cannot be a simple integer, use a descriptive title. This is thought to affect approximately 25 million individuals and 7.5 million families in the UK. The discs which have gone missing include such personal details as:

• Name
• Date of birth
• National insurance number
• Bank details, where relevant

The chancellor, Alistair Darling has stated that there is no indication that the details have fallen into criminal hands; however, he has urged people to monitor their bank accounts. Cite error: Invalid tag; name cannot be a simple integer, use a descriptive title

• Tax
• Economy of the United Kingdom
• Inland Revenue
• Her Majesty's Customs and Excise

• HMRC website
• Commissioners for Revenue and Customs Act 2005
• Treasury Press Release (13 May 2004)
• Treasury Press Release (12 July 2004)
• Treasury Press Release (25 November 2004)
• HM Revenue and Customs and the Taxpayer: Modernising Powers, Deterrents and Safeguards (Consultation document, 24 March 2005)
• The Customs Reviews and Appeals (Tariff and Origin) Regulations 1997
• The Distress for Customs and Excise Duties and Other Indirect Taxes Regulations 1997
• The Public & Commercial Services Union (PCS) Revenue & Customs Web Pages
• Tax Credits Forum