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Highland Light Infantry
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| The Highland Light Infantry | |
|---|---|
 Cap Badge of the Highland Light Infantry |
|
| Active | 1881 - 1959 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | British Army |
| Type | Line Infantry |
| Part of | Highland Brigade |
| Garrison/HQ | Maryhill Barracks, Glasgow |
| Mascot | Elephant |
| Anniversaries | Assaye (September 23) |
| Insignia | |
| Tartan | MacKenzie Tartan |
The Highland Light Infantry was a regiment of the British Army from 1881 to 1959. In 1923 the regimental title was expanded to the Highland Light Infantry (City of Glasgow Regiment)[1]
The regiment was formed as part of the Childers reforms on 1 July 1881 by the amalgamation of the 71st (Highland) Light Infantry and the 74th (Highlanders) Regiment of Foot as the city regiment of Glasgow, absorbing the local militia and rifle volunteer units. Its exact status was a somewhat ambiguous one - although the regiment insisted on being classified as a non-kilted Highland regiment, it recruited mainly from Glasgow in Lowland Scotland.
The HLI (as it was always known) continued in service, actively taking part in the First and Second World Wars, until it was amalgamated with the Royal Scots Fusiliers in 1959 to form the Royal Highland Fusiliers (Princess Margaret's Own Glasgow and Ayrshire Regiment).
The HLI was the only Highland regiment to wear trews, until 1947 when kilts were authorised. An earlier exception was the Glasgow Highlanders who wore kilts and were a territorial battalion within the HLI. The HLI's full dress of 1914 was an unusual one; comprising a blue shako with diced border and green cords, scarlet doublet with buff facings and trews of the Mackenzie tartan.
David Niven, who was a graduate of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, was assigned to the HLI as a subaltern in Malta in the 1930s.
The HLI was affiliated with a Canadian militia regiment: The Highland Light Infantry of Canada.
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On July 1, 1881 the 71st and 74th Regiments of Foot were redesignated as the 1st and 2nd Battalions, Highland Light Infantry respectively. Following the independence of India, all infantry regiments were reduced to a single regular battalion in 1948. The 1st and 2nd Battalions were merged in Glasgow on September 23 to become the 1st Battalion Highland Light Infantry (71st/74th Foot).
As part of the Childers scheme, militia regiments became reserve battalions of the new regiments. The 1st Royal Lanark Militia was designated as the 3rd (Militia) Battalion, HLI. In 1883 a 4th (Militia) Battalion was formed. In 1908 the miltia was redesignated as "Special Reserve". The Special Reserve battalions provided drafts for the fighting battalions during the First World War, were placed in suspended animation in 1921 and finallly disbanded in 1953.
The 1881 reforms also designated the rifle volunteers raised in 1859/60 as volunteer battalions. Accordingly, the 5th, 6th, 8th, 9th and 10th 25th Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers were attached to the HLI, being formally renamed as 1st to 5th Volunteer Battalions in 1887. On the creation of the Territorial Force in 1908, they became the 5th (City of Glasgow), 6th (City of Glasgow), 7th (Blythswood), 8th (Lanark) and 9th (Glasgow Highlanders) Battalions (TF).
During the First World War the territorial battalions formed duplicate "second line" units. At the end of the war the TF was disbanded, being reformed as the Territorial Army in 1920. The 5th, 6th, 7th and 9th Battalions were reformed.
In 1938 the 7th HLI was converted to Royal Artillery, leaving three TA battalions. On the doubling of the Territorial Army in the following year the 5th, 6th and 9th HLI formed duplicate 10th, 11th and 2/9th Battalions.
The TA was reformed in 1947, with the HLI having two battalions: the 5th/6th and Glasgow Highlanders. In 1967 both units were disbanded, with their ancestry continued by the 52nd Lowland Volunteers.
The regiment was considerably expanded for both the First and Second World Wars. Twenty-six battalions fought in World War I, with a number of garrison and reserve units also being formed. In the Second World War a lesser expansion took place.
The following battle honours or honorary distinctions were borne on the regimental colours, representing actions fought by the 71st and 74th Regiments of Foot or the HLI prior to 1914:
- For the Second Anglo-Mysore War: "Carnatic", "Hindustan", "Sholingur",
- For the Third Anglo-Mysore War: "Mysore";
- For the Siege of Gibraltar: The Castle and Key supescribed "Gibraltar 1780-83"
- For the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War: "Seringapatam"
- For the Second Anglo-Maratha War: An elephant superscribed "Assaye",
- "Cape of Good Hope 1806"
- For the Peninsula War: "Rolica", "Vimiera", "Corunna", "Busaco", "Fuentes d'Onor", "Ciudad Rodrigo", "Badajos"' "Almaraz", "Salamanca", "Vittoria", "Pyrenees", "Nivelle, "Nive", "Orthes", "Toulouse", "Peninsula",
- "Waterloo";
- For the 8th Xhosa War: "South Africa 1851-2-3"
- For the Invasion of Egypt "Egypt 1882", "Tel-el-Kebir"
- For the Second Boer War: "Modder River", "South Africa 1899-1902"
Ten representative battle honours for each of the First and Second World Wars were borne on the queen's colours:
- First World War: "Mons", "Ypres 1914,'15,'17,'18", "Loos", "Somme 1916,'18", "Arras 1917,'18", "Hindenburg Line", "Gallipoli 1915-16", "Palestine 1917-18", "Mesopotamia 1916-18", "Archangel 1919".
- Second World War: "Odon", "Scheldt", "Walcheren Causeway", "Rhine", "Reichswald", "North-West Europe 1940, '44-45", "Keren Cauldron", "Landing in Sicily", "Greece 1944-5"[2]
The 74th Foot had been awarded a third colour, known as the "Assaye Colour" by the Governor General of India in 1803. This was a white silk flag bearing an elephant with regimental number "LXXIV" and the honours "Assaye" and "Seringapatam". The colour continued to be carried by the 2nd Battalion HLI from 1881 to 1948, and the 1st Battalion from 1948 to 1959.[3]