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Hilo, Hawaii
Location in Hawaii County and the state of Hawaii
Coordinates: 19°42′20″N 155°5′9″W / 19.70556, -155.08583
Country	United States
State	Hawaii
County	Hawaii
Area
- Total	58.4 sq mi (151.4 km²)
- Land	54.3 sq mi (140.6 km²)
- Water	4.1 sq mi (10.7 km²)
Elevation	59 ft (18 m)
Population (2000)
- Total	40,759
- Density	750.8/sq mi (289.9/km²)
Time zone	Hawaii-Aleutian (UTC-10)
ZIP codes	96720-96721
Area code(s)	808
FIPS code	15-14650
GNIS feature ID	0359187

Hilo (pronounced IPA: /ˈhiːloʊ/) is a coastal city in the State of Hawaiʻi, and is the largest community on the Island of Hawaiʻi. The population was 40,759 at the 2000 census.

Hilo is the county seat of Hawaiʻi County, Hawaiʻi, and is situated in the South Hilo District. The city overlooks Hilo Bay, and is near two shield volcanoes, Mauna Loa, considered active, and Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano upon which some of the best ground-based astronomical observatories are placed.

The city is home to the University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo, as well as the Merrie Monarch Festival, a week-long celebration of ancient and modern hula, which takes place each year in the week following Easter and Mauna Loa Macadamia Nut Corporation, one of the world's leading producers of macadamia nuts.

Aerial view of Hilo bay and city

Hilo Bay at night

As of the census^GR2 of 2000, there were 40,759 people, 14,577 households, and 10,101 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 289.9/km² (750.8/mi²). There were 16,026 housing units at an average density of 114.0/km² (295.2/mi²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 17.12% White, 0.45% African American, 0.34% Native American, 38.30% Asian, 13.12% Pacific Islander, 0.94% from other races, and 29.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.78% of the population.

There were 14,577 households out of which 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.5% were married couples living together, 15.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.7% were non-families. 24.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.19.

In the CDP the population was spread out with 24.7% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 24.4% from 25 to 44, 23.9% from 45 to 64, and 16.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 95.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $39,139, and the median income for a family was $48,150. Males had a median income of $36,049 and the median was $27,626 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $18,220. About 11.1% of families and 17.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.5% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over.

Although archaeological evidence is scant, people certainly inhabited the areas along Hilo Bay, Wailuku and Wailoa Rivers before the Western world made contact. Missionaries came to Hilo in the early to middle 1800s, founding several churches, notably Haili Church.

Hilo expanded as sugar plantations in the surrounding area made sure that they didn't move and drew in many workers from Asia, and the city became a trading center.

A breakwater across Hilo Bay was begun in the 1900s and completed in 1929. On April 1, 1946, a 7.8 magnitude earthquake near the Aleutian Islands created a 14-meter high tsunami that hit Hilo hours later, killing 160 people. In response an early warning system, the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, was established to track these killer waves and provide warning.

Aftermath of the 1960 Chilean tsunami in Hilo, Hawaiʻi, where the tsunami left 61 people dead and 282 seriously injured.

On May 23, 1960, another tsunami, caused by a 9.5 magnitude earthquake off the coast of Chile the previous day, claimed 61 lives allegedly due to people's failure to heed warning sirens. Low-lying bayfront areas of the city on Waiākea peninsula and along Hilo Bay, previously populated, were rededicated as parks and memorials.

Hilo expanded inland beginning in the 1960s. The downtown found a new role in the 1980s as the city's cultural center with several galleries and museums being opened; the Palace Theatre was reopened in 1998 as an arthouse cinema.

Closure of the sugar plantations (including those in Hāmākua) during the 1990s led to a downturn in the local economy, coinciding with a general statewide slump. Hilo in recent years has seen commercial and population growth as the neighboring district of Puna became the fastest-growing region in the state.

Main article: Schools of Hilo, Hawaii

Hilo is home to a number of educational institutions, including two post-secondary institutions, the University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo and Hawaiʻi Community College.

Hilo is not an incorporated city, and does not have a municipal government. The entire island, which is slightly smaller than the state of Connecticut, is under the jurisdiction of Hawaiʻi County, of which Hilo is the county seat.

Hilo is home to county, state, and federal offices, including a U.S. Courthouse.

Hilo and its outlying areas are traditionally more Democratic-leaning than West Hawaiʻi, which adds to tension between the two major municipal areas. It has also presented more opposition to development than other large communities elsewhere in the state.^{[citation needed]}

Farmer's market in Hilo

Hilo has a large tourism sector, as is prevalent across the whole island. Hilo, as the second largest city in the state of Hawaiʻi, is home to shopping centers, movie theaters, hotels, restaurants, and a developed downtown area. Mauna Loa Macadamia Nut Corporation makes its home here as well and is a major tourist attraction on its own right with its self-guided tour of the processing plant (viewed from the outside on a second-floor walkway due to safety and sanitation concerns) and large gift shop with homemade macadamia nut ice cream for sale and free samples of every flavor variation sold by the company.

• East Hawaiʻi Cultural Center

• BJ Penn
• Ed Case
• Gerald Okamura
• Keiko Bonk
• Bob Shane
• Wesley Correira
• Rodney Anoa'i
• Troy Mandaloniz

• Banyan Drive
• Hilo Tropical Gardens
• Liliʻuokalani Park and Gardens
• Lyman Museum
• Mauna Loa Macadamia Nut Corporation
• Nani Mau Gardens
• Pacific Tsunami Museum
• Pana'ewa Rainforest Zoo
• University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo Botanical Gardens
• ʻImiloa Astronomy Center of Hawaiʻi

• Hilo, Hawaii is at coordinates 19°42′20″N 155°05′09″W / 19.70552, -155.085918Coordinates: 19°42′20″N 155°05′09″W / 19.70552, -155.085918
• Hilo Downtown Improvement Association
• Pacific Tsunami Museum
• `Imiloa Astronomy Center of Hawai`i

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v • d • e Municipalities and communities of Hawaii County, Hawaii
County seat: Hilo
Census-designated places	Ainaloa | Captain Cook | Eden Roc | Fern Acres | Fern Forest | Halaʻula | Hawaiian Acres | Hawaiian Beaches | Hawaiian Ocean View | Hawaiian Paradise Park | Hāwī | Hilo | Hōlualoa | Honalo | Hōnaunau-Nāpoʻopoʻo | Honokaʻa | Honomū | Kahaluʻu-Keauhou | Kailua-Kona | Kalaoa | Kapaʻau | Keaʻau | Kealakekua | Kukuihaele | Kurtistown | Laupāhoehoe | Leilani Estates | Mountain View | Nāʻālehu | Nānāwale Estates | Orchidlands Estates | Paʻauilo | Pāhala | Pāhoa | Pāpaʻikou | Pepeʻekeo | Paukaʻa | Puakō | Volcano | Waikoloa Village | Waimea | Wainaku
Unincorporated towns	Ahualoa | Hakalau | Keokea | Waiohinu