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Established in 1977, the Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority (HKEAA, traditional Chinese: 香港考試及評核局; simplified Chinese: 香港考试及评核局) (previously known as Hong Kong Examinations Authority, HKEA traditional Chinese: 香港考試局; simplified Chinese: 香港考试局) administers the Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination (HKCEE) and Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination (HKALE). Respectively in 1979 and 1980, the Authority commenced to be the provider of Hong Kong Higher Level Examination and Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination (HKALE). It was put in charge of the HKCEE the following year, becoming the only administrator of public examinations in Hong Kong.

The Authority Council comprises (or consists of) 15 members selected from the education sector, tertiary organizations, and administration bodies, likewise persons skilled in industry, commerce or a vocation in Hong Kong. Aside from the ex-officio affiliates, all members are allotted by the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong SAR Government. The governing council is accountable for devising examination strategies and scrutinizing the operation of the Authority.

The Authority's vision is to be a world-famed examination and assessment services supplier.

The Authority employs a permanent Secretariat of in the region of two hundred staff members to overhaul its boards and committees and to formulate all the essential engagements for the running of the examinations for which the Authority is in charge. The Secretariat is the decision-making division of the Authority. The HKEAA shall provide suitable, dependable and even-handed examination and assessment services in a specialized, ground-breaking, competent and effectual approach, with outstanding contemplation to didactic and communal needs.

The Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority is ably backed up by a number of committees in its management of the examinations in Hong Kong, as follows:

• The Authority Council
  • Finance and General
    • Purposes Committee Language Proficiency Assessment for Teachers Main Committee
    • Basic Competency Assessments Main Committee
  • School Examinations Board Research Committee
    • Grading Committee
    • Subject Committees
    • Committee on Processing of Applications from Candidates with Disabilities

The Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority decides not to administer any of the GCE O Level examinations after June 2005. Instead, the HKEAA wwill start to provide IGCSE (Edexcel Board) examinations from June 2007.