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Hydrolase
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Hydrolytic enzyme)
In biochemistry, a hydrolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a chemical bond. For example, an enzyme that catalyzed the following reaction is a hydrolase:
- A–B + H2O → A–OH + B–H
Systematic names of hydrolases are formed as "substrate hydrolase." However, common names are typically in the form "substratease." For example, a nuclease is a hydrolase that cleaves nucleic acids.
Hydrolases are classified as EC 3 in the EC number classification of enzymes. Hydrolases can be further classified into several subclasses, based upon the bonds they act upon:
- EC 3.1: ester bonds (esterases: nucleases, phosphodiesterases, lipase, phosphatase)
- EC 3.2: sugars (glycosylases/DNA glycosylases, glycoside hydrolase)
- EC 3.3: ether bonds
- EC 3.4: peptide bonds (Proteases/peptidases)
- EC 3.5: carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds
- EC 3.6: acid anhydrides (acid anhydride hydrolases, including helicases and GTPase)
- EC 3.7: carbon-carbon bonds
- EC 3.8: halide bonds
- EC 3.9: phosphorus-nitrogen bonds
- EC 3.10: sulfur-nitrogen bonds
- EC 3.11: carbon-phosphorus bonds
- EC 3.12: sulfur-sulfur bonds
- EC 3.13: carbon-sulfur bonds
- EC 3 Introduction from the Department of Chemistry at Queen Mary, University of London, only covers 3.1-3.4
- More detailed taxonomy
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| Topics | Active site - Allosteric regulation - Binding site - Catalytically perfect enzyme - Coenzyme - Cofactor - Cooperativity - EC number Enzyme catalysis - Enzyme inhibitor - Enzyme kinetics - Lineweaver-Burk plot - Michaelis-Menten kinetics - List of enzymes |
| Types | EC1 Oxidoreductases/list - EC2 Transferases/list - EC3 Hydrolases/list - EC4 Lyases/list - EC5 Isomerases/list - EC6 Ligases/list |
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| 3.2.1: Glycoside hydrolases | Amylase (Alpha-Amylase) - Chitinase - Lysozyme - Neuraminidase - Galactosidases (Alpha, Beta) - alpha-Mannosidase - Glucuronidase - Hyaluronidase - Pullulanase - Glucocerebrosidase - Galactosylceramidase - Alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase - Fucosidase - Hexosaminidase - Iduronidase - Disaccharidase (Sucrase/Sucrase-isomaltase/Invertase, Maltase, Trehalase, Lactase) - Glucosidases (Cellulase, Alpha-glucosidase, Beta-glucosidase, Debranching enzyme) |
| 3.2.2: Hydrolysing N-Glycosyl compounds | DNA glycosylases: Oxoguanine glycosylase |
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| Adenosylhomocysteinase - Epoxide hydrolase - Leukotriene A4 hydrolase |
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| Exopeptidase 3.4.11-19 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme - Dipeptidase - Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 - DD-transpeptidase Metalloexopeptidases: Aminopeptidase (Alanine, Cystinyl, Leucyl, Glutamyl) - Carboxypeptidase (A, B, C, E, Glutamate II) |
| Endopeptidase 3.4.21-24 | Serine proteases - Cysteine protease - Aspartic acid protease - Metalloendopeptidases |
| Cathepsin 3.4.18,21,22,23 | A - B - C - K - S |
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| 3.5.1 - Amidohydrolases | Asparaginase - Glutaminase - Urease - Biotinidase - Aspartoacylase - Ceramidase -Aspartylglucosaminidase - Fatty acid amide hydrolase - Histone deacetylase (Sirtuin) |
| 3.5.2 | Barbiturase - Beta-lactamase |
| 3.5.3 | Arginase |
| 3.5.4 - Aminohydrolases | Guanine deaminase - Adenosine deaminase - AMP deaminase - Inosine monophosphate synthase - DCMP deaminase - GTP cyclohydrolase I |
| Other | Nitrilase - Thiaminase II |
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| 3.6.1 | Pyrophosphatase (Inorganic, Thiamine) - Apyrase - Thiamine triphosphatase |
| 3.6.3-4 | ATPase |
| 3.6.5 | GTPase |
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| Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase - Kynureninase |