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Hypoglossal canal
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Bone: Hypoglossal canal | ||
|---|---|---|
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| Occipital bone. Inner surface. | ||
| Latin | canalis nervi hypoglossi | |
| Gray's | subject #31 131 | |
| Dorlands/Elsevier | c_04/12208711 | |
The hypoglossal canal is a bony canal in the occipital bone of the skull that transmits the hypoglossal nerve from its point of entry near the medulla oblongata to its exit from the base of the skull near the jugular foramen. It lies in the epiphyseal junction between the basiocciput and the jugular process of the occipital bone.
The Hypoglossal canal has recently been used to determine the antiquity of human speech. Researchers have found that hominids who lived as long as 2 million years ago had the same size canal as that of modern day chimpanzees, meaning they were incapable of speech.[citation needed] However, archaric H. sapiens 400,000 years ago had the same size canal as that of modern humans, meaning they would have been capable of speech.[citation needed] Neanderthals also had the same size hypoglossal canal as archaic H. sapiens, which puts to rest the long lived debate over neanderthal speech.[citation needed]
 Base of the skull. Upper surface. |
 Median sagittal section through the occipital bone and first three cervical vertebræ. |
- SUNY Figs 22:5b-15
- Norman/Georgetown cranialnerves (XII)
- Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, at Elsevier 34257.000-1
- Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, at Elsevier 34257.000-2
- Image at uwo.ca
| Foramina of skull (and canals and fissures) |
|---|
| foramina: cecum - ethmoidal (anterior, posterior) - incisive - jugular - lacerum - magnum - mandibular - mastoid - mental - optic - orbital (infraorbital, supraorbital) - ovale - palatine (greater, lesser) - parietal - rotundum - sphenopalatine - spinosum - stylomastoid - zygomaticofacial - zygomaticotemporal
canals: carotid - condylar - hypoglossal - incisive - pterygoid fissures: orbital (inferior, superior) - petrotympanic external acoustic meatus - internal acoustic meatus - cribriform plate |
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