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Iain Duncan Smith
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| The Rt Hon Iain Duncan Smith | |
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| In office 18 September 2001 – 6 November 2003 |
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| Preceded by | William Hague |
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| Succeeded by | Michael Howard |
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| In office 15 June 1999 – 18 September 2001 |
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| Leader | William Hague |
| Preceded by | John Maples |
| Succeeded by | Bernard Jenkin |
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| In office 2 June 1997 – 15 June 1999 |
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| Preceded by | Harriet Harman |
| Succeeded by | David Willetts |
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| Born | 9 April 1954 Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Political party | Conservative |
| Profession | Army Officer; businessman |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
George Iain Duncan Smith MP (born 9 April 1954), often referred to as IDS, is a British politician. He is Member of Parliament for the constituency of Chingford and Woodford Green. He was leader of the Conservative Party from 12 September 2001 to 6 November 2003. He lost a vote of confidence on 29 October of that year and stepped down eight days later, with Michael Howard assuming the post.
Duncan Smith is presently Chairman of the Centre for Social Justice, a policy group that is independent of the Conservative Party.
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Iain Duncan Smith was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, the son of the World War II Royal Air Force highly-decorated ace Group Captain W. G. G. Duncan Smith and his wife Pamela, a ballerina, whom he married in 1946. Pamela's maternal grandmother, Iain's great-grandmother, was Ellen Oshey, a Japanese woman. Iain Duncan Smith is therefore one-eighth Japanese. He is also a distant relative of George Bernard Shaw, the playwright and socialist[1].
Duncan Smith was educated at HMS Conway, a naval training school on the isle of Anglesey, where he played rugby union in the position of fly-half alongside Clive Woodward at centre. He also attended the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. He joined the Scots Guards in 1975, with his six-year service including a spell in (then) Rhodesia and in Northern Ireland. Duncan Smith converted to Roman Catholicism as a teenager, making him the first member of that faith to head a major British political party. He speaks Italian.
On leaving the Guards, he joined the Conservative Party and took up employment at The General Electric Company in 1981. He married Elizabeth "Betsy" Fremantle, daughter of the 5th Baron Cottesloe, in 1982. They have four children, who are being raised at least nominally Roman Catholic. Duncan Smith fought the safe Labour seat of Bradford West in the 1987 general election. At the following general election, he stood for his current seat (Chingford and Woodford Green) in the 1992 general election, succeeding Norman Tebbit on his retirement.
A committed Eurosceptic, Duncan Smith was a constant thorn in the side of John Major's 1992-1997 government, doing his level best to disrupt Major's pro-European agenda at the time (something that would often be raised during his own leadership when he called for the party to unite behind him). Duncan Smith remained on the backbenches until 1997, when he was promoted by William Hague to the shadow cabinet as Shadow Social Security Secretary. He moved in 1999 to replace John Maples as Shadow Defence Secretary.
William Hague surprisingly resigned after Labour's victory in the 2001 general election. Duncan Smith won the contest to be elected leader of the Conservatives on 12 September 2001.
His eventual victory was thought to have been helped by the fact that, in the final vote, his opponent was Kenneth Clarke, whose strong support for the European Union is known to put many party members off supporting him as a leadership candidate. Iain Duncan Smith, being a strong Eurosceptic, was more popular.
His campaign successfully called for the expulsion of Edgar Griffin from the party. After he was elected to the leadership the Conservative Party suspended the right wing Conservative Monday Club and unsuccessfully attempted to expel the right wing activist Michael Keith Smith. Duncan Smith was initially seen as an outsider candidate, but his support was bolstered when Margaret Thatcher publicly announced her support.
As a mark of respect for the victims of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, the announcement of his win was delayed until 13 September 2001.
In 2002, Michael Crick on the TV programme Newsnight caused some embarrassment when probing Duncan Smith's curriculum vitae, which had been in circulation for years, for example, being reproduced in the authoritative annual Dod's Parliamentary Companion for the previous ten years. The CV claimed that he had attended the University of Perugia when he had in fact only attended a series of short private language courses across the road from the university, and a claim that he had attended the prestigious-sounding Durnsford College of Management turned out to refer to some weekend courses at GEC's staff college[2].
Duncan Smith's election as party leader was overshadowed by the events of 11 September 2001. He proved not to be a particularly effective public speaker in the rowdy atmosphere of Prime Minister's Questions (PMQs) in the House of Commons. His seeming troubles with a "frog in his throat" throughout most of his two years as leader prompted Private Eye to refer to him incessantly as "Iain Duncan Cough". As well as this, there were continued rumours of discontent among his backbenchers, not dampened by his warning to his party in November 2002: "My message is simple and stark, unite or die".
The 2002 Conservative Party conference saw an attempt to turn Duncan Smith's lack of charisma into a positive boon, with his much-quoted line, "do not underestimate the determination of a quiet man". The line was as much derided as it was admired. During PMQs, Labour backbenchers would raise their fingers to their lips and say "shush" when he was speaking. The following year, Duncan Smith's conference speech appeared to have abandoned this technique in favour of an aggressive hard-man approach that few found convincing, even if the party members in the hall punctuated the speech with several ovations. The most remembered soundbite from the speech was his, "the quiet man is here to stay, and he's turning up the volume."
Duncan Smith stated in December 2002 that he intended to be party leader for a "very long time to come." This did little to quell the speculation in Westminster regarding his future. On 21 February 2003, The Independent newspaper published a story saying that a number of MPs were attempting to start the process of declaring a vote of confidence in Mr Duncan Smith, as many Conservative MPs considered IDS to be unelectable.
These worries came to a head in October 2003. Michael Crick revealed that he had compiled embarrassing evidence, this time of dubious salary claims IDS made on behalf of his wife that were paid out of the public purse from September 2001 to December 2002. The ensuing scandal, known as "Betsygate" weakened his already tenuous position[3].
Under leadership vote of confidence rules, 15 percent of Conservative MPs (at this point 25 MPs) had to write to the Chairman of the 1922 Committee demanding the vote. On 26 October, amid mounting claims that the threshold of 25 was about to be reached, Duncan Smith made an appearance on television daring his opponents to show their hand by the evening of 29 October, or to withdraw their challenge. He also stated that he would not step down if a vote was called. Iain Duncan Smith's demand that the 25 MPs write to the Chairman by the 29th of October had no bearing on Party regulations. Had the votes not been delivered until later the vote of no confidence would still have gone ahead. Nevertheless, by 28 October, 25 Conservative MPs had indeed signed on to demand a vote.
After the vote was announced, Duncan Smith made an appearance in front of Conservative Party headquarters in Smith Square, where he stated that he was going to "absolutely" contest the vote. It was held on the 29th of October, and Duncan Smith lost, 90-75. The following day, The Guardian's leading article quipped 'the quiet man has been silenced.'
Since leaving office, Duncan Smith has established the Centre for Social Justice, a centre-right think tank which aims to find policies that will solve the problems facing Britain's inner cities. It has been successful in ensuring Social Justice is a significant part of the policy agenda that David Cameron is looking to develop.
On 7 December 2005, Duncan Smith was appointed Chairman of the Social Justice Policy Group. The group's aim is to "study the causes and consequences of poverty in Britain and seek practical ideas to empower the least well-off," and is one of several set up by the new Conservative Party leader David Cameron, Duncan Smith will be joined in this task by Deputy Chair Debbie Scott the Chief Executive the charity Tomorrow's People. The group is expected to demand a tougher line on family values [4]
He was re-elected comfortably in Chingford and Woodford Green at the 2005 General Election, almost doubling his majority, and remains a backbencher for the Conservative Party.
In September 2006 he was one of 14 authors of a report concerning Anti-Semitism in Britain.
On November 6, 2003, Duncan Smith's novel The Devil's Tune was released, less than a fortnight after his removal from the party leadership. The book received heavily critical reviews such as, "Really, it's terrible... Terrible, terrible, terrible.", by Sam Leith in the Daily Telegraph. The book was never published in paperback.
Duncan Smith is a Catholic convert, and his election led to the situation where the leaders of the three main British political parties had Catholic ties. (Charles Kennedy, then leader of the Liberal Democrats is a Catholic, and the then Prime Minister Tony Blair is married to a Catholic, Cherie Booth, regularly attends Mass in Westminster Cathedral and converted to Catholicism in 2007).
Britain has never had a Catholic Prime Minister, and the Catholic Relief Act 1829 makes it illegal for a Roman Catholic to directly or indirectly advise the Sovereign on appointments in the Church of England (one of the responsibilities of the Prime Minister is the selection of Church of England bishops for appointment by the Queen).
Duncan Smith is a keen Tottenham Hotspur supporter and season ticket holder.[5]
Gareth Southgate famously cited Duncan Smith when he remarked after England's 2002 World Cup quarter-final defeat against Brazil that "we were expecting Winston Churchill and instead we got Iain Duncan Smith[6]." This comparison was seen as being a scathing criticism of the then England manager Sven-Göran Eriksson's quiet and understated approach to management.
- ^ Duncan Smith's secret samurai past, Guardian Unlimited, September 3, 2001
- ^ Tory leader's education under scrutiny, BBC News, 19 December 2002
- ^ Aide's email warning of risk to IDS triggered investigation, Andrew Sparrow and Benedict Brogan, Daily Telegraph October 13, 2003
- ^ The Guardian
- ^ Burt, Jason. "Spurs' quandary: deciding if home is where the Hart is", The Independent, 22 December 2002. Retrieved on 2007-01-13.
- ^ The Northern Echo
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Norman Tebbit |
Member of Parliament for Chingford 1992–1997 |
Succeeded by (constituency abolished) |
| Preceded by (new constituency) |
Member of Parliament for Chingford and Woodford Green 1997 – present |
Incumbent |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by Harriet Harman |
Shadow Secretary of State for Social Services 1997 - 1999 |
Succeeded by David Willetts |
| Preceded by John Maples |
Shadow Secretary of State for Defence 1999 - 2001 |
Succeeded by Bernard Jenkin |
| Preceded by William Hague |
Leader of the British Conservative Party 2001–2003 |
Succeeded by Michael Howard |
| Leader of the Opposition 2001–2003 |
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Categories: Leaders of the British Conservative Party | Conservative MPs (UK) | UK MPs 1992-1997 | UK MPs 1997-2001 | UK MPs 2001-2005 | UK MPs 2005- | Members of the United Kingdom Parliament for English constituencies | Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom | People from Edinburgh | Scots Guards officers | Converts to Roman Catholicism | 1954 births | Living people