Immigration to Spain

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

1 Background
2 Currently
3 Major immigration
4 From other countries - Europe
5 From other countries - Africa
6 From other countries - Central America
7 From other countries - North America
8 From other countries - Asia
9 From other countries - Oceania

The population of Spain doubled during the twentieth century, due to the spectacular demographic boom by the 60's and early 70's. Then, the birth rate plunged by the 80's and Spain's population became stalled, its demographics showing one of the lowest sub replacement fertility rate in the world, only second to Japan's.^{[citation needed]}. Many demographers have linked Spain's very low fertility rate to the country's lack of any real family planning policy. Spain is the Western European country that spends least on family support (a paltry 0.5% of GDP). A graphic illustration of the enormous social gulf between Spain and the rest of Europe in this field is the fact that a Spanish family would need to have 57 children to enjoy the same financial support as a family with 3 children in Luxembourg.

In emigration/immigration terms, after centuries of net emigration, Spain, has recently experienced large-scale immigration for the first time in modern history. According to the Spanish government there were 4,145,000 foreign residents in Spain in January 2007. Of these well over half a million were Moroccan while the Ecuadorians figure was around half a million as well. Romanian and Colombian populations ammounted to around 300,000 each. There are also a significant number of British (761,000 as of 2006) and German (133,588) citizens, mainly in Alicante, Málaga provinces, Balearic islands and Canary islands. Chinese in Spain are estimated to number between ten and sixty thousand. Immigrants from several sub-Saharan African countries have also settled in Spain as contract workers, although they represent only 4.08% of all the foreign residents in the country.

During the early 2000's, the mean year-on-year demographic growth set a new record with its 2003 peak variation of 2.1%, doubling the previous record reached back in the 1960's when a mean year on year growth of 1% was experienced.^[1] This trend is far from being reversed at the present moment and, in 2005 alone, the immigrant population of Spain increased by 700 000 people ^[2].

According to the Spanish government there were 3.7 million foreign residents in Spain in 2005; independent estimates put the figure at 4.8 million or 15.1% of total population (Red Cross, World Disasters Report 2006). According to residence permit data for 2005, around 500,000 were Moroccan, another half a million were Ecuadorian, more than 200,000 were Romanians and 260,000 were Colombian. Other important foreign communities are British (8.09%), French (8.03%), Argentine (6.10%), German (5.58%) and Bolivian (2.63%). In 2005, a regularization programme increased the legal immigrant population by 700,000 people. Since 2000 Spain has experienced high population growth as a result of immigration flows, despite a birth rate that is only half of the replacement level. This sudden and ongoing inflow of immigrants, particularly those arriving clandestinely by sea, has caused noticeable social tensions.

Spain currently has the second highest immigration rates within the EU, just after Cyprus, and the second highest absolute net migration in the World (after the USA).^[3] This can be explained by a number of reasons including its geographical position, the porosity of its borders, the large size of its submerged economy and the strength of the agricultural and construction sectors which demand more low cost labour than can be offered by the national workforce. In fact, booming Spain has been Europe's largest absorber of migrants for the past six years, with its immigrant population increasing fourfold as 2.8 million people have arrived.

Origin	2006	2001	Growth	% Change
Morocco	&&&&&&&&&&563012.0563,012	&&&&&&&&&&233415.0233,415	&&&&&&&&&&329597.0329,597	+141%
Ecuador	&&&&&&&&&&461310.0461,310	&&&&&&&&&&139022.0139,022	&&&&&&&&&&322288.0322,288	+232%
Romania	&&&&&&&&&&407159.0407,159	&&&&&&&&&&&31641.031,641	&&&&&&&&&&375518.0375,518	+1.187%
United Kingdom	&&&&&&&&&&274722.0274,722	&&&&&&&&&&107326.0107,326	&&&&&&&&&&167396.0167,396	+156%
Colombia	&&&&&&&&&&265141.0265,141	&&&&&&&&&&&87209.087,209	&&&&&&&&&&177932.0177,932	+204%
Germany	&&&&&&&&&&150490.0150,490	&&&&&&&&&&&99217.099,217	&&&&&&&&&&&51273.051,273	+52%
Argentina	&&&&&&&&&&150252.0150,252	&&&&&&&&&&&32429.032,429	&&&&&&&&&&117823.0117,823	+363%
Bolivia	&&&&&&&&&&139802.0139,802	&&&&&&&&&&&&6619.06,619	&&&&&&&&&&133183.0133,183	+2.012%
Italy	&&&&&&&&&&115791.0115,791	&&&&&&&&&&&34689.034,689	&&&&&&&&&&&81102.081,102	+234%
China	&&&&&&&&&&104681.0104,681	&&&&&&&&&&&27574.027,574	&&&&&&&&&&&77107.077,107	+280%
Bulgaria	&&&&&&&&&&101617.0101,617	&&&&&&&&&&&12035.012,035	&&&&&&&&&&&89582.089,582	+744%
Peru	&&&&&&&&&&&95903.095,903	&&&&&&&&&&&34975.034,975	&&&&&&&&&&&60928.060,928	+174%
France	&&&&&&&&&&&90021.090,021	&&&&&&&&&&&51582.051,582	&&&&&&&&&&&38439.038,439	+75%
Portugal	&&&&&&&&&&&80635.080,635	&&&&&&&&&&&47064.047,064	&&&&&&&&&&&33571.033,571	+71%
Brazil	&&&&&&&&&&&72441.072,441	&&&&&&&&&&&17078.017,078	&&&&&&&&&&&55363.055,363	+324%
Ukraine	&&&&&&&&&&&69893.069,893	&&&&&&&&&&&10318.010,318	&&&&&&&&&&&59575.059,575	+577%
Dominican Republic	&&&&&&&&&&&61071.061,071	&&&&&&&&&&&31153.031,153	&&&&&&&&&&&29918.029,918	+96%
Venezuela	&&&&&&&&&&&51261.051,261	&&&&&&&&&&&16549.016,549	&&&&&&&&&&&34712.034,712	+210%
Algeria	&&&&&&&&&&&47079.047,079	&&&&&&&&&&&18265.018,265	&&&&&&&&&&&28814.028,814	+158%
Poland	&&&&&&&&&&&45797.045,797	&&&&&&&&&&&13469.013,469	&&&&&&&&&&&32328.032,328	+240%
Uruguay	&&&&&&&&&&&45508.045,508	&&&&&&&&&&&&6828.06,828	&&&&&&&&&&&38680.038,680	+566%
Cuba	&&&&&&&&&&&44739.044,739	&&&&&&&&&&&24534.024,534	&&&&&&&&&&&20205.020,205	+82%
Pakistan	&&&&&&&&&&&42138.042,138	&&&&&&&&&&&&8274.08,274	&&&&&&&&&&&33864.033,864	+409%
Russia	&&&&&&&&&&&39904.039,904	&&&&&&&&&&&10047.010,047	&&&&&&&&&&&29857.029,857	+297%
Chile	&&&&&&&&&&&39704.039,704	&&&&&&&&&&&11674.011,674	&&&&&&&&&&&28030.028,030	+240%
Netherlands	&&&&&&&&&&&39484.039,484	&&&&&&&&&&&23146.023,146	&&&&&&&&&&&16338.016,338	+71%
Senegal	&&&&&&&&&&&35079.035,079	&&&&&&&&&&&10627.010,627	&&&&&&&&&&&24452.024,452	+230%
Nigeria	&&&&&&&&&&&31588.031,588	&&&&&&&&&&&&7598.07,598	&&&&&&&&&&&23990.023,990	+316%
Belgium	&&&&&&&&&&&29526.029,526	&&&&&&&&&&&19869.019,869	&&&&&&&&&&&&9657.09,657	+44%
Paraguay	&&&&&&&&&&&28587.028,587	&&&&&&&&&&&&&928.0928	&&&&&&&&&&&27659.027,659	+2.980%
TOTAL	&&&&&&&&&4144166.04,144,166	&&&&&&&&&1370657.01,370,657	&&&&&&&&&2773509.02,773,509	+202%

Origin	2006	2001	Growth	% Change
Albania	&&&&&&&&&&&&1425.01,425	–	–	–
Andorra	&&&&&&&&&&&&4774.04,774	–	–	–
Armenia	&&&&&&&&&&&&9186.09,186	–	–	–
Austria	&&&&&&&&&&&&7704.07,704	–	–	–
Belarus	&&&&&&&&&&&&3164.03,164	–	–	–
Bosnia and Herzegovina	&&&&&&&&&&&&1995.01,995	–	–	–
Croatia	&&&&&&&&&&&&1706.01,706	–	–	–
Cyprus	&&&&&&&&&&&&&259.0259	–	–	–
Czech Republic	&&&&&&&&&&&&5654.05,654	–	–	–
Denmark	&&&&&&&&&&&&9975.09,975	–	–	–
Estonia	&&&&&&&&&&&&&788.0788	–	–	–
Finland	&&&&&&&&&&&&9865.09,865	–	–	–
Georgia	&&&&&&&&&&&&6321.06,321	–	–	–
Greece	&&&&&&&&&&&&2877.02,877	–	–	–
Hungary	&&&&&&&&&&&&3862.03,862	–	–	–
Iceland	&&&&&&&&&&&&&952.0952	–	–	–
Republic of Ireland	&&&&&&&&&&&11495.011,495	–	–	–
Latvia	&&&&&&&&&&&&1741.01,741	–	–	–
Liechtenstein	&&&&&&&&&&&&&117.0117	–	–	–
Lithuania	&&&&&&&&&&&15200.015,200	–	–	–
Luxembourg	&&&&&&&&&&&&1336.01,336	–	–	–
Macedonia	&&&&&&&&&&&&&440.0440	–	–	–
Malta	&&&&&&&&&&&&&201.0201	–	–	–
Moldova	&&&&&&&&&&&11034.011,034	–	–	–
Norway	&&&&&&&&&&&14037.014,037	–	–	–
Serbia	&&&&&&&&&&&&4160.04,160	–	–	–
Slovakia	&&&&&&&&&&&&4428.04,428	–	–	–
Slovenia	&&&&&&&&&&&&&617.0617	–	–	–
Sweden	&&&&&&&&&&&17738.017,738	–	–	–
Switzerland	&&&&&&&&&&&62632.062,632	–	–	–
Turkey	&&&&&&&&&&&&2234.02,234	–	–	–
Rest of European countries	&&&&&&&&&&&&&400.0400	–	–	–
TOTAL	&&&&&&&&&&218117.0218,117	–	–	–

Origin	2006	2001	Growth	% Change
Angola	&&&&&&&&&&&&3698.03,698	–	–	–
Cape Verde	&&&&&&&&&&&&3611.03,611	–	–	–
Cameroon	&&&&&&&&&&&&3955.03,955	–	–	–
Republic of the Congo	&&&&&&&&&&&&1888.01,888	–	–	–
Ivory Coast	&&&&&&&&&&&&1759.01,759	–	–	–
Egypt	&&&&&&&&&&&&3634.03,634	–	–	–
Gambia	&&&&&&&&&&&13627.013,627	–	–	–
Ghana	&&&&&&&&&&&13133.013,133	–	–	–
Guinea	&&&&&&&&&&&&9901.09,901	–	–	–
Equatorial Guinea	&&&&&&&&&&&19456.019,456	–	–	–
Guinea-Bissau	&&&&&&&&&&&&5274.05,274	–	–	–
Liberia	&&&&&&&&&&&&1167.01,167	–	–	–
Mali	&&&&&&&&&&&14497.014,497	–	–	–
Mauritania	&&&&&&&&&&&&9308.09,308	–	–	–
DR Congo	&&&&&&&&&&&&1548.01,548	–	–	–
Sierra Leone	&&&&&&&&&&&&1487.01,487	–	–	–
South Africa	&&&&&&&&&&&&2086.02,086	–	–	–
Tunisia	&&&&&&&&&&&&2194.02,194	–	–	–
Rest of African countries	&&&&&&&&&&&&8679.08,679	–	–	–
TOTAL	&&&&&&&&&&120902.0120,902	–	–	–

Origin	2006	2001	Growth	% Change
Costa Rica	&&&&&&&&&&&&2373.02,373	–	–	–
El Salvador	&&&&&&&&&&&&5102.05,102	–	–	–
Guatemala	&&&&&&&&&&&&4321.04,321	–	–	–
Honduras	&&&&&&&&&&&10652.010,652	–	–	–
Nicaragua	&&&&&&&&&&&&4204.04,204	–	–	–
Panama	&&&&&&&&&&&&3520.03,520	–	–	–
Rest of Central America countries	&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&2.5170002.517	–	–	–
TOTAL	&&&&&&&&&&&32689.032,689	–	–	–

Origin	2006	2001	Growth	% Change
Canada	&&&&&&&&&&&&5420.05,420	–	–	–
United States	&&&&&&&&&&&32626.032,626	–	–	–
Mexico	&&&&&&&&&&&40574.040,574	–	–	–
TOTAL	&&&&&&&&&&&78620.078,620	–	–	–

Origin	2006	2001	Growth	% Change
Bangladesh	&&&&&&&&&&&&6130.06,130	–	–	–
South Korea	&&&&&&&&&&&&3144.03,144	–	–	–
Philippines	&&&&&&&&&&&26368.026,368	–	–	–
India	&&&&&&&&&&&23296.023,296	–	–	–
Iran	&&&&&&&&&&&&4568.04,568	–	–	–
Iraq	&&&&&&&&&&&&1706.01,706	–	–	–
Israel	&&&&&&&&&&&&2427.02,427	–	–	–
Japan	&&&&&&&&&&&&5684.05,684	–	–	–
Jordan	&&&&&&&&&&&&2082.02,082	–	–	–
Lebanon	&&&&&&&&&&&&2750.02,750	–	–	–
Syria	&&&&&&&&&&&&4575.04,575	–	–	–
Rest of Asian countries	&&&&&&&&&&&&2517.02,517	–	–	–
TOTAL	&&&&&&&&&&&85247.085,247	–	–	–

Origin	2006	2001	Growth	% Change
Australia	&&&&&&&&&&&&5131.05,131	–	–	–
Rest of Oceania countries	&&&&&&&&&&&&1099.01,099	–	–	–
TOTAL	&&&&&&&&&&&&6230.06,230	–	–	–

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v • d • e

Immigration to Europe

Albania · Andorra · Armenia² · Austria · Azerbaijan⁴ · Belarus · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Croatia · Cyprus² · Czech Republic · Denmark · Estonia · Finland · France · Georgia⁴ · Germany · Greece · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Italy · Kazakhstan¹ · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Republic of Macedonia · Malta · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Russia¹ · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain · Sweden · Switzerland · Turkey¹ · Ukraine · United Kingdom

Dependencies, autonomies and other territories
Abkhazia⁴ · Adjara² · Åland · Azores · Akrotiri and Dhekelia · Crimea · Faroe Islands · Gibraltar · Guernsey · Isle of Man · Jersey · Kosovo · Madeira · Nagorno-Karabakh² · Nakhichevan² · Transnistria · Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus^2, 3

¹ Has significant territory in Asia. ² Entirely in West Asia, but considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons. ³ Only recognised by Turkey. ⁴ Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the definition of the border between Europe and Asia.

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Categories: Articles with unsourced statements since February 2007 | All articles with unsourced statements | Spain stubs | Demographics of Spain

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This section contains paid listings which have been purchased by companies that want to have their sites appear for specific search terms and related content. These listings are administered, sorted and maintained by a third party and are not endorsed by Search.com.