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In electronics, inductive coupling refers to the transfer of energy from one circuit component to another through a shared magnetic field. A change in current flow through one device induces current flow in the other device. The two devices may be physically contained in a single unit, as in the primary and secondary sides of a transformer, or may be separated as in the antennae on a transmitter and a receiver. Coupling may be intentional or unintentional. Unintentional coupling is called cross-talk, and is a form of interference. Inductive coupling favors low frequency energy sources. High frequency energy sources generally use capacitive coupling. An inductively coupled transponder comprises an electronic data carrying device, usually a single microchip, and a large coil that functions as an antenna. Inductively coupled transponders are almost always operated passively.

Devices that use inductive coupling

• Graphics tablet
• Radio Frequency Identification

There are new products being developed that will be able to charge the batteries of mobile devices using inductive coupling technology. The products are about the size of a mouse pad and devices are charged wirelessly by placing them on the pad. A couple of companies (Splashpower, Edison-GE) are promising these inductive coupling products for 2006.

Low frequency induction is a unwanted form of inductive coupling, which can occur when a metallic pipeline is installed parallel to a high-voltage power line. The pipeline, which is a conductor, and is insulated from the earth by its protective coating, can develop voltages which are hazardous to personnel operating valves or otherwise contacting the pipeline.

Specific mitigation measures such as earthing beds are required. This often affects the pipeline cathodic protection system and is an important part of the design of any pipeline, whether above ground or buried.

See also: capacitive coupling and Electromagnetic induction

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