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Inosine
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Inosine
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| Inosine | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | D06 |
| PubChem | |
| DrugBank | |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C10H12N4O5 |
| Mol. mass | 268.229 g/mol |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ? |
| Metabolism | Hepatic |
| Half life | ? |
| Excretion | ? |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
? |
| Legal status | |
| Routes | ? |
Inosine is a molecule (known as a nucleoside) that is formed when hypoxanthine is attached to a ribose ring (also known as a ribofuranose) via a β-N9-glycosidic bond.
Inosine is a very common modified nucleoside found in tRNAs and is essential for proper translation of the genetic code in wobble base pairs. Adenine is converted to inosine (I), which pairs with adenine (A), cytosine (C) and uracil (U).
Inosine is also an intermediate in a chain of purine nucleotides reactions required for muscle movements.
It was tried in the seventies in eastern countries for improving athletic performance, based on the fact that is an intermediate compound used in the muscle movements. Nevertheless the clinical trials with this purpose showed no improvement [1].
Nowadays, it has been shown that inosine has neuroprotective properties. It has been proposed for administration after stroke, because observation has shown that axonal re-wiring is encouraged.[2]- It has been tried also for multiple sclerosis and is currently in phase II of the trials [3].
It produces uric acid after ingestion, which is a natural antioxidant and a peroxinitrite scavenger, which can explain the behaviour in multiple sclerosis [4](peroxynitrite has been correlated with the axons degeneration [5]).
Currently Boston Life Sciences holds the patent for treatment of stroke [6] and this company is currently investigating its properties for MS under the name axosine for Multiple Sclerosis.
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| Anti-herpesvirus | Aciclovir, Cidofovir, Docosanol, Famciclovir, Fomivirsen, Foscarnet, Ganciclovir, Idoxuridine, Penciclovir, Trifluridine, Tromantadine, Valaciclovir, Valganciclovir, Vidarabine |
| Anti-influenza agents | Amantadine, Arbidol, Oseltamivir, Peramivir, Rimantadine, Zanamivir |
| Antiretrovirals: NRTIs | Abacavir, Didanosine, Emtricitabine, Lamivudine, Stavudine, Zalcitabine, Zidovudine |
| Antiretrovirals: NtRTIs | Tenofovir |
| Antiretrovirals: NNRTIs | Efavirenz, Delavirdine, Nevirapine, Loviride |
| Antiretrovirals: PIs | Amprenavir, Atazanavir, Darunavir, Fosamprenavir, Indinavir, Lopinavir, Nelfinavir, Ritonavir, Saquinavir, Tipranavir |
| Antiretrovirals: Fusion inhibitors | Enfuvirtide |
| Other antiviral agents | Adefovir, Fomivirsen, Imiquimod, Inosine, Interferon, Podophyllotoxin, Ribavirin, Viramidine |