Interstitial lung disease

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Interstitial lung disease
Classification & external resources
End-stage pulmonary fibrosis of unknown origin, taken from an autopsy in the 1980s.
ICD-10 J84.9
ICD-9 506.4, 508.1, 515, 516.3, 714.81, 770.7
DiseasesDB 31509
eMedicine ped/1950 
MeSH D017563

Interstitial lung disease (ILD), also known as diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD), refers to a group of lung diseases (including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis), affecting the alveolar epithelium, pulmonary capillary endothelium, basement membrane, perivascular and perilymphatic tissues. The term ILD is used to distinguish these diseases from obstructive airways diseases. Most types of ILD involve fibrosis, but this is not essential; indeed fibrosis is often a later feature. Hence the term pulmonary fibrosis has fallen out of favor.

Contents

ILD may be classified according to the cause: -

  1. Inhaled substances
  2. Drug induced
  3. Connective tissue disease
  4. Infection
  5. Idiopathic
  6. Malignancy

Patients with pneumocystis pneumonia can present with interstitial lung disease, as seen in the reticular markings on this AP chest x-ray
Patients with pneumocystis pneumonia can present with interstitial lung disease, as seen in the reticular markings on this AP chest x-ray

Investigation is tailored towards the symptoms and signs. Most patients have blood testing, chest x-ray, pulmonary function testing, and high resolution CT thorax.

ILD is not a single disease, but encompasses many different pathological processes. Hence treatment is different for each disease.

If a specific occupational exposure cause is found, the person should avoid that environment. If a drug cause is suspected, that drug should be discontinued.

Many idiopathic and connective tissue-based causes of ILD are treated with prednisolone. Some patients respond to immunosuppressant treatment. Patients with hypoxemia may be given supplemental oxygen.

v • d • e
Pathology of respiratory system (J, 460-519)
Acute upper respiratory infections Upper respiratory tract infection · Common cold · Rhinitis · Sinusitis · Pharyngitis (Strep throat)  · Tonsillitis · Laryngitis · Tracheitis · Croup · Epiglottitis
Influenza and Pneumonia Influenza · Pneumonia (Viral, Bacterial, Bronchopneumonia) · Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Other acute lower respiratory infections Bronchitis (Acute, Chronic)  · Bronchiolitis
Other diseases of upper respiratory tract Vasomotor rhinitis · Hay fever · Atrophic rhinitis · Nasal polyp · Deviated septum · Adenoid hypertrophy · Peritonsillar abscess · Vocal fold nodule · Laryngospasm
Chronic lower respiratory diseases Emphysema · COPD · Asthma · Status asthmaticus · Bronchiectasis
Lung diseases due to external agents Pneumoconiosis (Coalworker's pneumoconiosis, Asbestosis, Silicosis, Bauxite fibrosis, Berylliosis, Siderosis) · Byssinosis · Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (Farmer's lung, Bird fancier's lung)
Other, principally affecting
the interstitium		 Acute respiratory distress syndrome · Pulmonary edema · Hamman-Rich syndrome · Interstitial lung disease
Suppurative and necrotic conditions
of lower respiratory tract		 Lung abscess · Pleural effusion · Empyema
Other Pneumothorax · Hemothorax · Hemopneumothorax · Mendelson's syndrome · Respiratory failure · Atelectasis · Mediastinal emphysema  · Mediastinitis
see also congenital (Q30-Q34, 748)
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Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial_lung_disease"
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